# 2009 October 7
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
# This file implements tests to verify the "testable statements" in the
# foreignkeys.in document.
#
# The tests in this file are arranged to mirror the structure of 
# foreignkey.in, with one exception: The statements in section 2, which 
# deals with enabling/disabling foreign key support, is tested first,
# before section 1. This is because some statements in section 2 deal
# with builds that do not include complete foreign key support (because
# either SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER or SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY was defined
# at build time).
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

proc eqp {sql {db db}} { uplevel execsql [list "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN $sql"] $db }

###########################################################################
### SECTION 2: Enabling Foreign Key Support
###########################################################################

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-33710-56344 In order to use foreign key constraints in
# SQLite, the library must be compiled with neither
# SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY or SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER defined.
#
ifcapable trigger&&foreignkey {
  do_test e_fkey-1 {
    execsql {
      PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
      CREATE TABLE p(i PRIMARY KEY);
      CREATE TABLE c(j REFERENCES p ON UPDATE CASCADE);
      INSERT INTO p VALUES('hello');
      INSERT INTO c VALUES('hello');
      UPDATE p SET i = 'world';
      SELECT * FROM c;
    }
  } {world}
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test the effects of defining OMIT_TRIGGER but not OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-44697-61543 If SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER is defined but
# SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is not, then SQLite behaves as it did prior to
# version 3.6.19 - foreign key definitions are parsed and may be queried
# using PRAGMA foreign_key_list, but foreign key constraints are not
# enforced.
#
# Specifically, test that "PRAGMA foreign_keys" is a no-op in this case.
# When using the pragma to query the current setting, 0 rows are returned.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-22567-44039 The PRAGMA foreign_keys command is a no-op
# in this configuration.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-41784-13339 Tip: If the command "PRAGMA foreign_keys"
# returns no data instead of a single row containing "0" or "1", then
# the version of SQLite you are using does not support foreign keys
# (either because it is older than 3.6.19 or because it was compiled
# with SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY or SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER defined).
#
reset_db
ifcapable !trigger&&foreignkey {
  do_test e_fkey-2.1 {
    execsql {
      PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
      CREATE TABLE p(i PRIMARY KEY);
      CREATE TABLE c(j REFERENCES p ON UPDATE CASCADE);
      INSERT INTO p VALUES('hello');
      INSERT INTO c VALUES('hello');
      UPDATE p SET i = 'world';
      SELECT * FROM c;
    }
  } {hello}
  do_test e_fkey-2.2 {
    execsql { PRAGMA foreign_key_list(c) }
  } {0 0 p j {} CASCADE {NO ACTION} NONE}
  do_test e_fkey-2.3 {
    execsql { PRAGMA foreign_keys }
  } {}
}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test the effects of defining OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-58428-36660 If OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY is defined, then
# foreign key definitions cannot even be parsed (attempting to specify a
# foreign key definition is a syntax error).
#
# Specifically, test that foreign key constraints cannot even be parsed 
# in such a build.
#
reset_db
ifcapable !foreignkey {
  do_test e_fkey-3.1 {
    execsql { CREATE TABLE p(i PRIMARY KEY) }
    catchsql { CREATE TABLE c(j REFERENCES p ON UPDATE CASCADE) }
  } {1 {near "ON": syntax error}}
  do_test e_fkey-3.2 {
    # This is allowed, as in this build, "REFERENCES" is not a keyword.
    # The declared datatype of column j is "REFERENCES p".
    execsql { CREATE TABLE c(j REFERENCES p) }
  } {}
  do_test e_fkey-3.3 {
    execsql { PRAGMA table_info(c) }
  } {0 j {REFERENCES p} 0 {} 0}
  do_test e_fkey-3.4 {
    execsql { PRAGMA foreign_key_list(c) }
  } {}
  do_test e_fkey-3.5 {
    execsql { PRAGMA foreign_keys }
  } {}
}

ifcapable !foreignkey||!trigger { finish_test ; return }
reset_db


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-07280-60510 Assuming the library is compiled with
# foreign key constraints enabled, it must still be enabled by the
# application at runtime, using the PRAGMA foreign_keys command.
#
# This also tests that foreign key constraints are disabled by default.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-44261-39702 Foreign key constraints are disabled by
# default (for backwards compatibility), so must be enabled separately
# for each database connection.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-4.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE p(i PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE c(j REFERENCES p ON UPDATE CASCADE);
    INSERT INTO p VALUES('hello');
    INSERT INTO c VALUES('hello');
    UPDATE p SET i = 'world';
    SELECT * FROM c;
  } 
} {hello}
do_test e_fkey-4.2 {
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM c;
    DELETE FROM p;
    PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
    INSERT INTO p VALUES('hello');
    INSERT INTO c VALUES('hello');
    UPDATE p SET i = 'world';
    SELECT * FROM c;
  } 
} {world}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-08013-37737 The application can also use a PRAGMA
# foreign_keys statement to determine if foreign keys are currently
# enabled.

#
# This also tests the example code in section 2 of foreignkeys.in.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-11255-19907
# 
reset_db
do_test e_fkey-5.1 {
  execsql { PRAGMA foreign_keys }
} {0}
do_test e_fkey-5.2 {
  execsql { 
    PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
    PRAGMA foreign_keys;
  }
} {1}
do_test e_fkey-5.3 {
  execsql { 
    PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;
    PRAGMA foreign_keys;
  }
} {0}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that it is not possible to enable or disable foreign key support
# while not in auto-commit mode.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-46649-58537 It is not possible to enable or disable
# foreign key constraints in the middle of a multi-statement transaction
# (when SQLite is not in autocommit mode). Attempting to do so does not
# return an error; it simply has no effect.
#
reset_db
do_test e_fkey-6.1 {
  execsql {
    PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
    CREATE TABLE t1(a UNIQUE, b);
    CREATE TABLE t2(c, d REFERENCES t1(a));
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2);
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(2, 1);
    BEGIN;
      PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;
  }
  catchsql {
      DELETE FROM t1
  }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-6.2 {
  execsql { PRAGMA foreign_keys }
} {1}
do_test e_fkey-6.3 {
  execsql {
    COMMIT;
    PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;
    BEGIN;
      PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
      DELETE FROM t1;
      PRAGMA foreign_keys;
  }
} {0}
do_test e_fkey-6.4 {
  execsql COMMIT
} {}

###########################################################################
### SECTION 1: Introduction to Foreign Key Constraints
###########################################################################
execsql "PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON"

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Verify that the syntax in the first example in section 1 is valid.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-04042-24825 To do so, a foreign key definition may be
# added by modifying the declaration of the track table to the
# following: CREATE TABLE track( trackid INTEGER, trackname TEXT,
# trackartist INTEGER, FOREIGN KEY(trackartist) REFERENCES
# artist(artistid) );
#
do_test e_fkey-7.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE artist(
      artistid    INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
      artistname  TEXT
    );
    CREATE TABLE track(
      trackid     INTEGER, 
      trackname   TEXT, 
      trackartist INTEGER,
      FOREIGN KEY(trackartist) REFERENCES artist(artistid)
    );
  }
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-61362-32087 Attempting to insert a row into the track
# table that does not correspond to any row in the artist table will
# fail,
#
do_test e_fkey-8.1 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO track VALUES(1, 'track 1', 1) }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-8.2 {
  execsql { INSERT INTO artist VALUES(2, 'artist 1') }
  catchsql { INSERT INTO track VALUES(1, 'track 1', 1) }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-8.2 {
  execsql { INSERT INTO track VALUES(1, 'track 1', 2) }
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Attempting to delete a row from the 'artist' table while there are 
# dependent rows in the track table also fails.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-24401-52400 as will attempting to delete a row from the
# artist table when there exist dependent rows in the track table
#
do_test e_fkey-9.1 {
  catchsql { DELETE FROM artist WHERE artistid = 2 }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-9.2 {
  execsql { 
    DELETE FROM track WHERE trackartist = 2;
    DELETE FROM artist WHERE artistid = 2;
  }
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# If the foreign key column (trackartist) in table 'track' is set to NULL,
# there is no requirement for a matching row in the 'artist' table.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-23980-48859 There is one exception: if the foreign key
# column in the track table is NULL, then no corresponding entry in the
# artist table is required.
#
do_test e_fkey-10.1 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO track VALUES(1, 'track 1', NULL);
    INSERT INTO track VALUES(2, 'track 2', NULL);
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-10.2 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM artist }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-10.3 {
  # Setting the trackid to a non-NULL value fails, of course.
  catchsql { UPDATE track SET trackartist = 5 WHERE trackid = 1 }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-10.4 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO artist VALUES(5, 'artist 5');
    UPDATE track SET trackartist = 5 WHERE trackid = 1;
  }
  catchsql { DELETE FROM artist WHERE artistid = 5}
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-10.5 {
  execsql { 
    UPDATE track SET trackartist = NULL WHERE trackid = 1;
    DELETE FROM artist WHERE artistid = 5;
  }
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that the following is true fo all rows in the track table:
#
#   trackartist IS NULL OR 
#   EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM artist WHERE artistid=trackartist)
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-52486-21352 Expressed in SQL, this means that for every
# row in the track table, the following expression evaluates to true:
# trackartist IS NULL OR EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM artist WHERE
# artistid=trackartist)

# This procedure executes a test case to check that statement 
# R-52486-21352 is true after executing the SQL statement passed.
# as the second argument.
proc test_r52486_21352 {tn sql} {
  set res [catchsql $sql]
  set results {
    {0 {}} 
    {1 {UNIQUE constraint failed: artist.artistid}} 
    {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
  }
  if {[lsearch $results $res]<0} {
    error $res
  }

  do_test e_fkey-11.$tn {
    execsql {
      SELECT count(*) FROM track WHERE NOT (
        trackartist IS NULL OR 
        EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM artist WHERE artistid=trackartist)
      )
    }
  } {0}
}

# Execute a series of random INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE operations
# (some of which may fail due to FK or PK constraint violations) on 
# the two tables in the example schema. Test that R-52486-21352
# is true after executing each operation.
#
set Template {
  {INSERT INTO track VALUES($t, 'track $t', $a)}
  {DELETE FROM track WHERE trackid = $t}
  {UPDATE track SET trackartist = $a WHERE trackid = $t}
  {INSERT INTO artist VALUES($a, 'artist $a')}
  {DELETE FROM artist WHERE artistid = $a}
  {UPDATE artist SET artistid = $a2 WHERE artistid = $a}
}
for {set i 0} {$i < 500} {incr i} {
  set a   [expr int(rand()*10)]
  set a2  [expr int(rand()*10)]
  set t   [expr int(rand()*50)]
  set sql [subst [lindex $Template [expr int(rand()*6)]]]

  test_r52486_21352 $i $sql
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check that a NOT NULL constraint can be added to the example schema
# to prohibit NULL child keys from being inserted.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-42412-59321 Tip: If the application requires a stricter
# relationship between artist and track, where NULL values are not
# permitted in the trackartist column, simply add the appropriate "NOT
# NULL" constraint to the schema.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-12.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE artist(
      artistid    INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
      artistname  TEXT
    );
    CREATE TABLE track(
      trackid     INTEGER, 
      trackname   TEXT, 
      trackartist INTEGER NOT NULL,
      FOREIGN KEY(trackartist) REFERENCES artist(artistid)
    );
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-12.2 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO track VALUES(14, 'Mr. Bojangles', NULL) }
} {1 {NOT NULL constraint failed: track.trackartist}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-16127-35442
#
# Test an example from foreignkeys.html.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-13.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE artist(
      artistid    INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
      artistname  TEXT
    );
    CREATE TABLE track(
      trackid     INTEGER, 
      trackname   TEXT, 
      trackartist INTEGER,
      FOREIGN KEY(trackartist) REFERENCES artist(artistid)
    );
    INSERT INTO artist VALUES(1, 'Dean Martin');
    INSERT INTO artist VALUES(2, 'Frank Sinatra');
    INSERT INTO track VALUES(11, 'That''s Amore', 1);
    INSERT INTO track VALUES(12, 'Christmas Blues', 1);
    INSERT INTO track VALUES(13, 'My Way', 2);
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-13.2 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO track VALUES(14, 'Mr. Bojangles', 3) }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-13.3 {
  execsql { INSERT INTO track VALUES(14, 'Mr. Bojangles', NULL) }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-13.4 {
  catchsql { 
    UPDATE track SET trackartist = 3 WHERE trackname = 'Mr. Bojangles';
  }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-13.5 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO artist VALUES(3, 'Sammy Davis Jr.');
    UPDATE track SET trackartist = 3 WHERE trackname = 'Mr. Bojangles';
    INSERT INTO track VALUES(15, 'Boogie Woogie', 3);
  }
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-15958-50233
#
# Test the second example from the first section of foreignkeys.html.
#
do_test e_fkey-14.1 {
  catchsql {
    DELETE FROM artist WHERE artistname = 'Frank Sinatra';
  }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-14.2 {
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM track WHERE trackname = 'My Way';
    DELETE FROM artist WHERE artistname = 'Frank Sinatra';
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-14.3 {
  catchsql {
    UPDATE artist SET artistid=4 WHERE artistname = 'Dean Martin';
  }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-14.4 {
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM track WHERE trackname IN('That''s Amore', 'Christmas Blues');
    UPDATE artist SET artistid=4 WHERE artistname = 'Dean Martin';
  }
} {}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-56032-24923 The foreign key constraint is satisfied if
# for each row in the child table either one or more of the child key
# columns are NULL, or there exists a row in the parent table for which
# each parent key column contains a value equal to the value in its
# associated child key column.
#
# Test also that the usual comparison rules are used when testing if there 
# is a matching row in the parent table of a foreign key constraint.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-57765-12380 In the above paragraph, the term "equal"
# means equal when values are compared using the rules specified here.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-15.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE par(p PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE chi(c REFERENCES par);

    INSERT INTO par VALUES(1);
    INSERT INTO par VALUES('1');
    INSERT INTO par VALUES(X'31');
    SELECT typeof(p) FROM par;
  }
} {integer text blob}

proc test_efkey_45 {tn isError sql} {
  do_test e_fkey-15.$tn.1 "
    catchsql {$sql}
  " [lindex {{0 {}} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}} $isError]

  do_test e_fkey-15.$tn.2 {
    execsql {
      SELECT * FROM chi WHERE c IS NOT NULL AND c NOT IN (SELECT p FROM par)
    }
  } {}
}

test_efkey_45 1 0 "INSERT INTO chi VALUES(1)"
test_efkey_45 2 1 "INSERT INTO chi VALUES('1.0')"
test_efkey_45 3 0 "INSERT INTO chi VALUES('1')"
test_efkey_45 4 1 "DELETE FROM par WHERE p = '1'"
test_efkey_45 5 0 "DELETE FROM chi WHERE c = '1'"
test_efkey_45 6 0 "DELETE FROM par WHERE p = '1'"
test_efkey_45 7 1 "INSERT INTO chi VALUES('1')"
test_efkey_45 8 0 "INSERT INTO chi VALUES(X'31')"
test_efkey_45 9 1 "INSERT INTO chi VALUES(X'32')"

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specifically, test that when comparing child and parent key values the
# default collation sequence of the parent key column is used.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-15796-47513 When comparing text values, the collating
# sequence associated with the parent key column is always used.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-16.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a COLLATE nocase PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE t2(b REFERENCES t1);
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-16.2 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('oNe');
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('one');
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('ONE');
    UPDATE t2 SET b = 'OnE';
    UPDATE t1 SET a = 'ONE';
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-16.3 {
  catchsql { UPDATE t2 SET b = 'two' WHERE rowid = 1 }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-16.4 {
  catchsql { DELETE FROM t1 WHERE rowid = 1 }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specifically, test that when comparing child and parent key values the
# affinity of the parent key column is applied to the child key value
# before the comparison takes place.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-04240-13860 When comparing values, if the parent key
# column has an affinity, then that affinity is applied to the child key
# value before the comparison is performed.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-17.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a NUMERIC PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE t2(b TEXT REFERENCES t1);
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-17.2 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('three');
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('2.0');
    SELECT b, typeof(b) FROM t2;
  }
} {2.0 text}
do_test e_fkey-17.3 {
  execsql { SELECT typeof(a) FROM t1 }
} {integer integer text}
do_test e_fkey-17.4 {
  catchsql { DELETE FROM t1 WHERE rowid = 2 }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}

###########################################################################
### SECTION 3: Required and Suggested Database Indexes
###########################################################################

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# A parent key must be either a PRIMARY KEY, subject to a UNIQUE 
# constraint, or have a UNIQUE index created on it.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-13435-26311 Usually, the parent key of a foreign key
# constraint is the primary key of the parent table. If they are not the
# primary key, then the parent key columns must be collectively subject
# to a UNIQUE constraint or have a UNIQUE index.
# 
# Also test that if a parent key is not subject to a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE
# constraint, but does have a UNIQUE index created on it, then the UNIQUE index
# must use the default collation sequences associated with the parent key
# columns.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-00376-39212 If the parent key columns have a UNIQUE
# index, then that index must use the collation sequences that are
# specified in the CREATE TABLE statement for the parent table.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-18.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t2(a REFERENCES t1(x));
  }
} {}
proc test_efkey_57 {tn isError sql} {
  catchsql { DROP TABLE t1 }
  execsql $sql
  do_test e_fkey-18.$tn {
    catchsql { INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(NULL) }
  } [lindex {{0 {}} {/1 {foreign key mismatch - ".*" referencing ".*"}/}} \
     $isError]
}
test_efkey_57 2 0 { CREATE TABLE t1(x PRIMARY KEY) }
test_efkey_57 3 0 { CREATE TABLE t1(x UNIQUE) }
test_efkey_57 4 0 { CREATE TABLE t1(x); CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t1i ON t1(x) }
test_efkey_57 5 1 { 
  CREATE TABLE t1(x); 
  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t1i ON t1(x COLLATE nocase);
}
test_efkey_57 6 1 { CREATE TABLE t1(x) }
test_efkey_57 7 1 { CREATE TABLE t1(x, y, PRIMARY KEY(x, y)) }
test_efkey_57 8 1 { CREATE TABLE t1(x, y, UNIQUE(x, y)) }
test_efkey_57 9 1 { 
  CREATE TABLE t1(x, y); 
  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t1i ON t1(x, y);
}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This block tests an example in foreignkeys.html. Several testable
# statements refer to this example, as follows
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-27484-01467
#
# FK Constraints on child1, child2 and child3 are Ok.
#
# Problem with FK on child4:
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-51039-44840 The foreign key declared as part of table
# child4 is an error because even though the parent key column is
# indexed, the index is not UNIQUE.
#
# Problem with FK on child5:
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-01060-48788 The foreign key for table child5 is an
# error because even though the parent key column has a unique index,
# the index uses a different collating sequence.
#
# Problem with FK on child6 and child7:
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-63088-37469 Tables child6 and child7 are incorrect
# because while both have UNIQUE indices on their parent keys, the keys
# are not an exact match to the columns of a single UNIQUE index.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-19.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(a PRIMARY KEY, b UNIQUE, c, d, e, f);
    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX i1 ON parent(c, d);
    CREATE INDEX i2 ON parent(e);
    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX i3 ON parent(f COLLATE nocase);

    CREATE TABLE child1(f, g REFERENCES parent(a));                       -- Ok
    CREATE TABLE child2(h, i REFERENCES parent(b));                       -- Ok
    CREATE TABLE child3(j, k, FOREIGN KEY(j, k) REFERENCES parent(c, d)); -- Ok
    CREATE TABLE child4(l, m REFERENCES parent(e));                       -- Err
    CREATE TABLE child5(n, o REFERENCES parent(f));                       -- Err
    CREATE TABLE child6(p, q, FOREIGN KEY(p,q) REFERENCES parent(b, c));  -- Err
    CREATE TABLE child7(r REFERENCES parent(c));                          -- Err
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-19.2 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
    INSERT INTO child1 VALUES('xxx', 1);
    INSERT INTO child2 VALUES('xxx', 2);
    INSERT INTO child3 VALUES(3, 4);
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-19.2 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO child4 VALUES('xxx', 5) }
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "child4" referencing "parent"}}
do_test e_fkey-19.3 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO child5 VALUES('xxx', 6) }
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "child5" referencing "parent"}}
do_test e_fkey-19.4 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO child6 VALUES(2, 3) }
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "child6" referencing "parent"}}
do_test e_fkey-19.5 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO child7 VALUES(3) }
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "child7" referencing "parent"}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test errors in the database schema that are detected while preparing
# DML statements. The error text for these messages always matches 
# either "foreign key mismatch" or "no such table*" (using [string match]).
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-45488-08504 If the database schema contains foreign key
# errors that require looking at more than one table definition to
# identify, then those errors are not detected when the tables are
# created.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-48391-38472 Instead, such errors prevent the
# application from preparing SQL statements that modify the content of
# the child or parent tables in ways that use the foreign keys.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-03108-63659 The English language error message for
# foreign key DML errors is usually "foreign key mismatch" but can also
# be "no such table" if the parent table does not exist.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-60781-26576 Foreign key DML errors are may be reported
# if: The parent table does not exist, or The parent key columns named
# in the foreign key constraint do not exist, or The parent key columns
# named in the foreign key constraint are not the primary key of the
# parent table and are not subject to a unique constraint using
# collating sequence specified in the CREATE TABLE, or The child table
# references the primary key of the parent without specifying the
# primary key columns and the number of primary key columns in the
# parent do not match the number of child key columns.
#
do_test e_fkey-20.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE c1(c REFERENCES nosuchtable, d);

    CREATE TABLE p2(a, b, UNIQUE(a, b));
    CREATE TABLE c2(c, d, FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES p2(a, x));

    CREATE TABLE p3(a PRIMARY KEY, b);
    CREATE TABLE c3(c REFERENCES p3(b), d);

    CREATE TABLE p4(a PRIMARY KEY, b);
    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX p4i ON p4(b COLLATE nocase);
    CREATE TABLE c4(c REFERENCES p4(b), d);

    CREATE TABLE p5(a PRIMARY KEY, b COLLATE nocase);
    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX p5i ON p5(b COLLATE binary);
    CREATE TABLE c5(c REFERENCES p5(b), d);

    CREATE TABLE p6(a PRIMARY KEY, b);
    CREATE TABLE c6(c, d, FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES p6);

    CREATE TABLE p7(a, b, PRIMARY KEY(a, b));
    CREATE TABLE c7(c, d REFERENCES p7);
  }
} {}

foreach {tn tbl ptbl err} {
  2 c1 {} "no such table: main.nosuchtable"
  3 c2 p2 "foreign key mismatch - \"c2\" referencing \"p2\""
  4 c3 p3 "foreign key mismatch - \"c3\" referencing \"p3\""
  5 c4 p4 "foreign key mismatch - \"c4\" referencing \"p4\""
  6 c5 p5 "foreign key mismatch - \"c5\" referencing \"p5\""
  7 c6 p6 "foreign key mismatch - \"c6\" referencing \"p6\""
  8 c7 p7 "foreign key mismatch - \"c7\" referencing \"p7\""
} {
  do_test e_fkey-20.$tn.1 {
    catchsql "INSERT INTO $tbl VALUES('a', 'b')"
  } [list 1 $err]
  do_test e_fkey-20.$tn.2 {
    catchsql "UPDATE $tbl SET c = ?, d = ?"
  } [list 1 $err]
  do_test e_fkey-20.$tn.3 {
    catchsql "INSERT INTO $tbl SELECT ?, ?"
  } [list 1 $err]

  if {$ptbl ne ""} {
    do_test e_fkey-20.$tn.4 {
      catchsql "DELETE FROM $ptbl"
    } [list 1 $err]
    do_test e_fkey-20.$tn.5 {
      catchsql "UPDATE $ptbl SET a = ?, b = ?"
    } [list 1 $err]
    do_test e_fkey-20.$tn.6 {
      catchsql "INSERT INTO $ptbl SELECT ?, ?"
    } [list 1 $err]
  }
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-19353-43643
#
# Test the example of foreign key mismatch errors caused by implicitly
# mapping a child key to the primary key of the parent table when the
# child key consists of a different number of columns to that primary key.
# 
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-21.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent2(a, b, PRIMARY KEY(a,b));

    CREATE TABLE child8(x, y, FOREIGN KEY(x,y) REFERENCES parent2);     -- Ok
    CREATE TABLE child9(x REFERENCES parent2);                          -- Err
    CREATE TABLE child10(x,y,z, FOREIGN KEY(x,y,z) REFERENCES parent2); -- Err
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-21.2 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO parent2 VALUES('I', 'II');
    INSERT INTO child8 VALUES('I', 'II');
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-21.3 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO child9 VALUES('I') }
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "child9" referencing "parent2"}}
do_test e_fkey-21.4 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO child9 VALUES('II') }
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "child9" referencing "parent2"}}
do_test e_fkey-21.5 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO child9 VALUES(NULL) }
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "child9" referencing "parent2"}}
do_test e_fkey-21.6 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO child10 VALUES('I', 'II', 'III') }
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "child10" referencing "parent2"}}
do_test e_fkey-21.7 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO child10 VALUES(1, 2, 3) }
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "child10" referencing "parent2"}}
do_test e_fkey-21.8 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO child10 VALUES(NULL, NULL, NULL) }
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "child10" referencing "parent2"}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test errors that are reported when creating the child table. 
# Specifically:
#
#   * different number of child and parent key columns, and
#   * child columns that do not exist.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-23682-59820 By contrast, if foreign key errors can be
# recognized simply by looking at the definition of the child table and
# without having to consult the parent table definition, then the CREATE
# TABLE statement for the child table fails.
#
# These errors are reported whether or not FK support is enabled.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-33883-28833 Foreign key DDL errors are reported
# regardless of whether or not foreign key constraints are enabled when
# the table is created.
#
drop_all_tables
foreach fk [list OFF ON] {
  execsql "PRAGMA foreign_keys = $fk"
  set i 0
  foreach {sql error} {
    "CREATE TABLE child1(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a, b) REFERENCES p(c))"
      {number of columns in foreign key does not match the number of columns in the referenced table}
    "CREATE TABLE child2(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a, b) REFERENCES p(c, d, e))"
      {number of columns in foreign key does not match the number of columns in the referenced table}
    "CREATE TABLE child2(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a, c) REFERENCES p(c, d))"
      {unknown column "c" in foreign key definition}
    "CREATE TABLE child2(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(c, b) REFERENCES p(c, d))"
      {unknown column "c" in foreign key definition}
  } {
    do_test e_fkey-22.$fk.[incr i] {
      catchsql $sql
    } [list 1 $error]
  }
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that a REFERENCING clause that does not specify parent key columns
# implicitly maps to the primary key of the parent table.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-43879-08025 Attaching a "REFERENCES <parent-table>"
# clause to a column definition creates a foreign
# key constraint that maps the column to the primary key of
# <parent-table>.
# 
do_test e_fkey-23.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE p1(a, b, PRIMARY KEY(a, b));
    CREATE TABLE p2(a, b PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE c1(c, d, FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES p1);
    CREATE TABLE c2(a, b REFERENCES p2);
  }
} {}
proc test_efkey_60 {tn isError sql} {
  do_test e_fkey-23.$tn "
    catchsql {$sql}
  " [lindex {{0 {}} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}} $isError]
}

test_efkey_60 2 1 "INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(239, 231)"
test_efkey_60 3 0 "INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(239, 231)"
test_efkey_60 4 0 "INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(239, 231)"
test_efkey_60 5 1 "INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(239, 231)"
test_efkey_60 6 0 "INSERT INTO p2 VALUES(239, 231)"
test_efkey_60 7 0 "INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(239, 231)"

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that an index on on the child key columns of an FK constraint
# is optional.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-15417-28014 Indices are not required for child key
# columns
#
# Also test that if an index is created on the child key columns, it does
# not make a difference whether or not it is a UNIQUE index.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-15741-50893 The child key index does not have to be
# (and usually will not be) a UNIQUE index.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-24.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(x, y, UNIQUE(y, x));
    CREATE TABLE c1(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a, b) REFERENCES parent(x, y));
    CREATE TABLE c2(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a, b) REFERENCES parent(x, y));
    CREATE TABLE c3(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a, b) REFERENCES parent(x, y));
    CREATE INDEX c2i ON c2(a, b);
    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX c3i ON c2(b, a);
  }
} {}
proc test_efkey_61 {tn isError sql} {
  do_test e_fkey-24.$tn "
    catchsql {$sql}
  " [lindex {{0 {}} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}} $isError]
}
foreach {tn c} [list 2 c1 3 c2 4 c3] {
  test_efkey_61 $tn.1 1 "INSERT INTO $c VALUES(1, 2)"
  test_efkey_61 $tn.2 0 "INSERT INTO parent VALUES(1, 2)"
  test_efkey_61 $tn.3 0 "INSERT INTO $c VALUES(1, 2)"

  execsql "DELETE FROM $c ; DELETE FROM parent"
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-00279-52283
#
# Test an example showing that when a row is deleted from the parent 
# table, the child table is queried for orphaned rows as follows:
#
#   SELECT rowid FROM track WHERE trackartist = ?
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-23302-30956 If this SELECT returns any rows at all,
# then SQLite concludes that deleting the row from the parent table
# would violate the foreign key constraint and returns an error.
#
do_test e_fkey-25.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE artist(
      artistid    INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
      artistname  TEXT
    );
    CREATE TABLE track(
      trackid     INTEGER, 
      trackname   TEXT, 
      trackartist INTEGER,
      FOREIGN KEY(trackartist) REFERENCES artist(artistid)
    );
  }
} {}
do_execsql_test e_fkey-25.2 {
  PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN DELETE FROM artist WHERE 1;
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT rowid FROM track WHERE trackartist = ?;
} {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE artist} 
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE track}
}
do_execsql_test e_fkey-25.3 {
  PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN DELETE FROM artist WHERE 1;
} {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE artist} 
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE track}
}
do_test e_fkey-25.4 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO artist VALUES(5, 'artist 5');
    INSERT INTO artist VALUES(6, 'artist 6');
    INSERT INTO artist VALUES(7, 'artist 7');
    INSERT INTO track VALUES(1, 'track 1', 5);
    INSERT INTO track VALUES(2, 'track 2', 6);
  }
} {}

do_test e_fkey-25.5 {
  concat \
    [execsql { SELECT rowid FROM track WHERE trackartist = 5 }]   \
    [catchsql { DELETE FROM artist WHERE artistid = 5 }]
} {1 1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}

do_test e_fkey-25.6 {
  concat \
    [execsql { SELECT rowid FROM track WHERE trackartist = 7 }]   \
    [catchsql { DELETE FROM artist WHERE artistid = 7 }]
} {0 {}}

do_test e_fkey-25.7 {
  concat \
    [execsql { SELECT rowid FROM track WHERE trackartist = 6 }]   \
    [catchsql { DELETE FROM artist WHERE artistid = 6 }]
} {2 1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-47936-10044 Or, more generally:
# SELECT rowid FROM <child-table> WHERE <child-key> = :parent_key_value
#
# Test that when a row is deleted from the parent table of an FK 
# constraint, the child table is queried for orphaned rows. The
# query is equivalent to:
#
#   SELECT rowid FROM <child-table> WHERE <child-key> = :parent_key_value
#
# Also test that when a row is inserted into the parent table, or when the 
# parent key values of an existing row are modified, a query equivalent
# to the following is planned. In some cases it is not executed, but it
# is always planned.
#
#   SELECT rowid FROM <child-table> WHERE <child-key> = :parent_key_value
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-61616-46700 Similar queries may be run if the content
# of the parent key is modified or a new row is inserted into the parent
# table.
#
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-26.1 {
  execsql { CREATE TABLE parent(x, y, UNIQUE(y, x)) }
} {}
foreach {tn sql} {
  2 { 
    CREATE TABLE child(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a, b) REFERENCES parent(x, y))
  }
  3 { 
    CREATE TABLE child(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a, b) REFERENCES parent(x, y));
    CREATE INDEX childi ON child(a, b);
  }
  4 { 
    CREATE TABLE child(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a, b) REFERENCES parent(x, y));
    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX childi ON child(b, a);
  }
} {
  execsql $sql

  execsql {PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF}
  set delete [concat \
      [eqp "DELETE FROM parent WHERE 1"] \
      [eqp "SELECT rowid FROM child WHERE a = ? AND b = ?"]
  ]
  set update [concat \
      [eqp "UPDATE parent SET x=?, y=?"] \
      [eqp "SELECT rowid FROM child WHERE a = ? AND b = ?"] \
      [eqp "SELECT rowid FROM child WHERE a = ? AND b = ?"]
  ]
  execsql {PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON}

  do_test e_fkey-26.$tn.1 { eqp "DELETE FROM parent WHERE 1" } $delete
  do_test e_fkey-26.$tn.2 { eqp "UPDATE parent set x=?, y=?" } $update

  execsql {DROP TABLE child}
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-14553-34013
#
# Test the example schema at the end of section 3. Also test that is
# is "efficient". In this case "efficient" means that foreign key
# related operations on the parent table do not provoke linear scans.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-27.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE artist(
      artistid    INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
      artistname  TEXT
    );
    CREATE TABLE track(
      trackid     INTEGER,
      trackname   TEXT, 
      trackartist INTEGER REFERENCES artist
    );
    CREATE INDEX trackindex ON track(trackartist);
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-27.2 {
  eqp { INSERT INTO artist VALUES(?, ?) }
} {}
do_execsql_test e_fkey-27.3 {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN UPDATE artist SET artistid = ?, artistname = ?
} {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE artist} 
  0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE track USING COVERING INDEX trackindex (trackartist=?)} 
  0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE track USING COVERING INDEX trackindex (trackartist=?)}
}
do_execsql_test e_fkey-27.4 {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN DELETE FROM artist
} {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE artist} 
  0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE track USING COVERING INDEX trackindex (trackartist=?)}
}


###########################################################################
### SECTION 4.1: Composite Foreign Key Constraints
###########################################################################

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check that parent and child keys must have the same number of columns.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-41062-34431 Parent and child keys must have the same
# cardinality.
#
foreach {tn sql err} {
  1 "CREATE TABLE c(jj REFERENCES p(x, y))" 
    {foreign key on jj should reference only one column of table p}

  2 "CREATE TABLE c(jj REFERENCES p())" {near ")": syntax error}

  3 "CREATE TABLE c(jj, FOREIGN KEY(jj) REFERENCES p(x, y))" 
    {number of columns in foreign key does not match the number of columns in the referenced table}

  4 "CREATE TABLE c(jj, FOREIGN KEY(jj) REFERENCES p())" 
    {near ")": syntax error}

  5 "CREATE TABLE c(ii, jj, FOREIGN KEY(jj, ii) REFERENCES p())" 
    {near ")": syntax error}

  6 "CREATE TABLE c(ii, jj, FOREIGN KEY(jj, ii) REFERENCES p(x))" 
    {number of columns in foreign key does not match the number of columns in the referenced table}

  7 "CREATE TABLE c(ii, jj, FOREIGN KEY(jj, ii) REFERENCES p(x,y,z))" 
    {number of columns in foreign key does not match the number of columns in the referenced table}
} {
  drop_all_tables
  do_test e_fkey-28.$tn [list catchsql $sql] [list 1 $err]
}
do_test e_fkey-28.8 {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE p(x PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE c(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a,b) REFERENCES p);
  }
  catchsql {DELETE FROM p}
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "c" referencing "p"}}
do_test e_fkey-28.9 {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE p(x, y, PRIMARY KEY(x,y));
    CREATE TABLE c(a REFERENCES p);
  }
  catchsql {DELETE FROM p}
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "c" referencing "p"}}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-24676-09859
#
# Test the example schema in the "Composite Foreign Key Constraints" 
# section.
#
do_test e_fkey-29.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE album(
      albumartist TEXT,
      albumname TEXT,
      albumcover BINARY,
      PRIMARY KEY(albumartist, albumname)
    );
    CREATE TABLE song(
      songid INTEGER,
      songartist TEXT,
      songalbum TEXT,
      songname TEXT,
      FOREIGN KEY(songartist, songalbum) REFERENCES album(albumartist,albumname)
    );
  }
} {}

do_test e_fkey-29.2 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO album VALUES('Elvis Presley', 'Elvis'' Christmas Album', NULL);
    INSERT INTO song VALUES(
      1, 'Elvis Presley', 'Elvis'' Christmas Album', 'Here Comes Santa Clause'
    );
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-29.3 {
  catchsql {
    INSERT INTO song VALUES(2, 'Elvis Presley', 'Elvis Is Back!', 'Fever');
  }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-33626-48418 In SQLite, if any of the child key columns
# (in this case songartist and songalbum) are NULL, then there is no
# requirement for a corresponding row in the parent table.
#
do_test e_fkey-30.1 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO song VALUES(2, 'Elvis Presley', NULL, 'Fever');
    INSERT INTO song VALUES(3, NULL, 'Elvis Is Back', 'Soldier Boy');
  }
} {}

###########################################################################
### SECTION 4.2: Deferred Foreign Key Constraints
###########################################################################

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that if a statement violates an immediate FK constraint, and the
# database does not satisfy the FK constraint once all effects of the
# statement have been applied, an error is reported and the effects of
# the statement rolled back.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-09323-30470 If a statement modifies the contents of the
# database so that an immediate foreign key constraint is in violation
# at the conclusion the statement, an exception is thrown and the
# effects of the statement are reverted.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-31.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE king(a, b, PRIMARY KEY(a));
    CREATE TABLE prince(c REFERENCES king, d);
  }
} {}

do_test e_fkey-31.2 {
  # Execute a statement that violates the immediate FK constraint.
  catchsql { INSERT INTO prince VALUES(1, 2) }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}

do_test e_fkey-31.3 {
  # This time, use a trigger to fix the constraint violation before the
  # statement has finished executing. Then execute the same statement as
  # in the previous test case. This time, no error.
  execsql {
    CREATE TRIGGER kt AFTER INSERT ON prince WHEN
      NOT EXISTS (SELECT a FROM king WHERE a = new.c)
    BEGIN
      INSERT INTO king VALUES(new.c, NULL);
    END
  }
  execsql { INSERT INTO prince VALUES(1, 2) }
} {}

# Test that operating inside a transaction makes no difference to 
# immediate constraint violation handling.
do_test e_fkey-31.4 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
    INSERT INTO prince VALUES(2, 3);
    DROP TRIGGER kt;
  }
  catchsql { INSERT INTO prince VALUES(3, 4) }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-31.5 {
  execsql {
    COMMIT;
    SELECT * FROM king;
  }
} {1 {} 2 {}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that if a deferred constraint is violated within a transaction,
# nothing happens immediately and the database is allowed to persist
# in a state that does not satisfy the FK constraint. However attempts
# to COMMIT the transaction fail until the FK constraint is satisfied.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-49178-21358 By contrast, if a statement modifies the
# contents of the database such that a deferred foreign key constraint
# is violated, the violation is not reported immediately.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-39692-12488 Deferred foreign key constraints are not
# checked until the transaction tries to COMMIT.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-55147-47664 For as long as the user has an open
# transaction, the database is allowed to exist in a state that violates
# any number of deferred foreign key constraints.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-29604-30395 However, COMMIT will fail as long as
# foreign key constraints remain in violation.
#
proc test_efkey_34 {tn isError sql} {
  do_test e_fkey-32.$tn "
    catchsql {$sql}
  " [lindex {{0 {}} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}} $isError]
}
drop_all_tables

test_efkey_34  1 0 {
  CREATE TABLE ll(k PRIMARY KEY);
  CREATE TABLE kk(c REFERENCES ll DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED);
}
test_efkey_34  2 0 "BEGIN"
test_efkey_34  3 0   "INSERT INTO kk VALUES(5)"
test_efkey_34  4 0   "INSERT INTO kk VALUES(10)"
test_efkey_34  5 1 "COMMIT"
test_efkey_34  6 0   "INSERT INTO ll VALUES(10)"
test_efkey_34  7 1 "COMMIT"
test_efkey_34  8 0   "INSERT INTO ll VALUES(5)"
test_efkey_34  9 0 "COMMIT"

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# When not running inside a transaction, a deferred constraint is similar
# to an immediate constraint (violations are reported immediately).
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-56844-61705 If the current statement is not inside an
# explicit transaction (a BEGIN/COMMIT/ROLLBACK block), then an implicit
# transaction is committed as soon as the statement has finished
# executing. In this case deferred constraints behave the same as
# immediate constraints.
#
drop_all_tables
proc test_efkey_35 {tn isError sql} {
  do_test e_fkey-33.$tn "
    catchsql {$sql}
  " [lindex {{0 {}} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}} $isError]
}
do_test e_fkey-33.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(x, y);
    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX pi ON parent(x, y);
    CREATE TABLE child(a, b,
      FOREIGN KEY(a, b) REFERENCES parent(x, y) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    );
  }
} {}
test_efkey_35 2 1 "INSERT INTO child  VALUES('x', 'y')"
test_efkey_35 3 0 "INSERT INTO parent VALUES('x', 'y')"
test_efkey_35 4 0 "INSERT INTO child  VALUES('x', 'y')"


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-12782-61841
#
# Test that an FK constraint is made deferred by adding the following
# to the definition:
#
#   DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-09005-28791
#
# Also test that adding any of the following to a foreign key definition 
# makes the constraint IMMEDIATE:
#
#   NOT DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
#   NOT DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE
#   NOT DEFERRABLE
#   DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE
#   DEFERRABLE
#
# Foreign keys are IMMEDIATE by default (if there is no DEFERRABLE or NOT
# DEFERRABLE clause).
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-35290-16460 Foreign key constraints are immediate by
# default.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-30323-21917 Each foreign key constraint in SQLite is
# classified as either immediate or deferred.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-34.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(x, y, z, PRIMARY KEY(x,y,z));
    CREATE TABLE c1(a, b, c,
      FOREIGN KEY(a, b, c) REFERENCES parent NOT DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    );
    CREATE TABLE c2(a, b, c,
      FOREIGN KEY(a, b, c) REFERENCES parent NOT DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE
    );
    CREATE TABLE c3(a, b, c,
      FOREIGN KEY(a, b, c) REFERENCES parent NOT DEFERRABLE
    );
    CREATE TABLE c4(a, b, c,
      FOREIGN KEY(a, b, c) REFERENCES parent DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE
    );
    CREATE TABLE c5(a, b, c,
      FOREIGN KEY(a, b, c) REFERENCES parent DEFERRABLE
    );
    CREATE TABLE c6(a, b, c, FOREIGN KEY(a, b, c) REFERENCES parent);

    -- This FK constraint is the only deferrable one.
    CREATE TABLE c7(a, b, c,
      FOREIGN KEY(a, b, c) REFERENCES parent DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    );

    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('a', 'b', 'c');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('d', 'e', 'f');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('g', 'h', 'i');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('j', 'k', 'l');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('m', 'n', 'o');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('p', 'q', 'r');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('s', 't', 'u');

    INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('a', 'b', 'c');
    INSERT INTO c2 VALUES('d', 'e', 'f');
    INSERT INTO c3 VALUES('g', 'h', 'i');
    INSERT INTO c4 VALUES('j', 'k', 'l');
    INSERT INTO c5 VALUES('m', 'n', 'o');
    INSERT INTO c6 VALUES('p', 'q', 'r');
    INSERT INTO c7 VALUES('s', 't', 'u');
  }
} {}

proc test_efkey_29 {tn sql isError} {
  do_test e_fkey-34.$tn "catchsql {$sql}" [
    lindex {{0 {}} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}} $isError
  ]
}
test_efkey_29  2 "BEGIN"                                   0
test_efkey_29  3 "DELETE FROM parent WHERE x = 'a'"        1
test_efkey_29  4 "DELETE FROM parent WHERE x = 'd'"        1
test_efkey_29  5 "DELETE FROM parent WHERE x = 'g'"        1
test_efkey_29  6 "DELETE FROM parent WHERE x = 'j'"        1
test_efkey_29  7 "DELETE FROM parent WHERE x = 'm'"        1
test_efkey_29  8 "DELETE FROM parent WHERE x = 'p'"        1
test_efkey_29  9 "DELETE FROM parent WHERE x = 's'"        0
test_efkey_29 10 "COMMIT"                                  1
test_efkey_29 11 "ROLLBACK"                                0

test_efkey_29  9 "BEGIN"                                   0
test_efkey_29 10 "UPDATE parent SET z = 'z' WHERE z = 'c'" 1
test_efkey_29 11 "UPDATE parent SET z = 'z' WHERE z = 'f'" 1
test_efkey_29 12 "UPDATE parent SET z = 'z' WHERE z = 'i'" 1
test_efkey_29 13 "UPDATE parent SET z = 'z' WHERE z = 'l'" 1
test_efkey_29 14 "UPDATE parent SET z = 'z' WHERE z = 'o'" 1
test_efkey_29 15 "UPDATE parent SET z = 'z' WHERE z = 'r'" 1
test_efkey_29 16 "UPDATE parent SET z = 'z' WHERE z = 'u'" 0
test_efkey_29 17 "COMMIT"                                  1
test_efkey_29 18 "ROLLBACK"                                0

test_efkey_29 17 "BEGIN"                                   0
test_efkey_29 18 "INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(1, 2, 3)"          1
test_efkey_29 19 "INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(1, 2, 3)"          1
test_efkey_29 20 "INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(1, 2, 3)"          1
test_efkey_29 21 "INSERT INTO c4 VALUES(1, 2, 3)"          1
test_efkey_29 22 "INSERT INTO c5 VALUES(1, 2, 3)"          1
test_efkey_29 22 "INSERT INTO c6 VALUES(1, 2, 3)"          1
test_efkey_29 22 "INSERT INTO c7 VALUES(1, 2, 3)"          0
test_efkey_29 23 "COMMIT"                                  1
test_efkey_29 24 "INSERT INTO parent VALUES(1, 2, 3)"      0
test_efkey_29 25 "COMMIT"                                  0

test_efkey_29 26 "BEGIN"                                   0
test_efkey_29 27 "UPDATE c1 SET a = 10"                    1
test_efkey_29 28 "UPDATE c2 SET a = 10"                    1
test_efkey_29 29 "UPDATE c3 SET a = 10"                    1
test_efkey_29 30 "UPDATE c4 SET a = 10"                    1
test_efkey_29 31 "UPDATE c5 SET a = 10"                    1
test_efkey_29 31 "UPDATE c6 SET a = 10"                    1
test_efkey_29 31 "UPDATE c7 SET a = 10"                    0
test_efkey_29 32 "COMMIT"                                  1
test_efkey_29 33 "ROLLBACK"                                0

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-24499-57071
#
# Test an example from foreignkeys.html dealing with a deferred foreign 
# key constraint.
#
do_test e_fkey-35.1 {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE artist(
      artistid    INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
      artistname  TEXT
    );
    CREATE TABLE track(
      trackid     INTEGER,
      trackname   TEXT, 
      trackartist INTEGER REFERENCES artist(artistid) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    );
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-35.2 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      INSERT INTO track VALUES(1, 'White Christmas', 5);
  }
  catchsql COMMIT
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-35.3 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO artist VALUES(5, 'Bing Crosby');
    COMMIT;
  }
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Verify that a nested savepoint may be released without satisfying 
# deferred foreign key constraints.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-07223-48323 A nested savepoint transaction may be
# RELEASEd while the database is in a state that does not satisfy a
# deferred foreign key constraint.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-36.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY,
      b REFERENCES t1 DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    );
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 1);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 2);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, 3);
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-36.2 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      SAVEPOINT one;
        INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(4, 5);
      RELEASE one;
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-36.3 {
  catchsql COMMIT
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-36.4 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE t1 SET a = 5 WHERE a = 4;
    COMMIT;
  }
} {}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check that a transaction savepoint (an outermost savepoint opened when
# the database was in auto-commit mode) cannot be released without
# satisfying deferred foreign key constraints. It may be rolled back.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-44295-13823 A transaction savepoint (a non-nested
# savepoint that was opened while there was not currently an open
# transaction), on the other hand, is subject to the same restrictions
# as a COMMIT - attempting to RELEASE it while the database is in such a
# state will fail.
#
do_test e_fkey-37.1 {
  execsql {
    SAVEPOINT one;
      SAVEPOINT two;
        INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(6, 7);
      RELEASE two;
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-37.2 {
  catchsql {RELEASE one}
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-37.3 {
  execsql {
      UPDATE t1 SET a = 7 WHERE a = 6;
    RELEASE one;
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-37.4 {
  execsql {
    SAVEPOINT one;
      SAVEPOINT two;
        INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(9, 10);
      RELEASE two;
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-37.5 {
  catchsql {RELEASE one}
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-37.6 {
  execsql {ROLLBACK TO one ; RELEASE one}
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that if a COMMIT operation fails due to deferred foreign key 
# constraints, any nested savepoints remain open.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-37736-42616 If a COMMIT statement (or the RELEASE of a
# transaction SAVEPOINT) fails because the database is currently in a
# state that violates a deferred foreign key constraint and there are
# currently nested savepoints, the nested savepoints remain open.
#
do_test e_fkey-38.1 {
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM t1 WHERE a>3;
    SELECT * FROM t1;
  }
} {1 1 2 2 3 3}
do_test e_fkey-38.2 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(4, 4);
      SAVEPOINT one;
        INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(5, 6);
        SELECT * FROM t1;
  }
} {1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6}
do_test e_fkey-38.3 {
  catchsql COMMIT
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-38.4 {
  execsql {
    ROLLBACK TO one;
    COMMIT;
    SELECT * FROM t1;
  }
} {1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4}

do_test e_fkey-38.5 {
  execsql {
    SAVEPOINT a;
      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(5, 5);
      SAVEPOINT b;
        INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(6, 7);
        SAVEPOINT c;
          INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(7, 8);
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-38.6 {
  catchsql {RELEASE a}
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-38.7 {
  execsql  {ROLLBACK TO c}
  catchsql {RELEASE a}
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-38.8 {
  execsql  {
    ROLLBACK TO b;
    RELEASE a;
    SELECT * FROM t1;
  }
} {1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5}

###########################################################################
### SECTION 4.3: ON DELETE and ON UPDATE Actions
###########################################################################

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that configured ON DELETE and ON UPDATE actions take place when
# deleting or modifying rows of the parent table, respectively.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-48270-44282 Foreign key ON DELETE and ON UPDATE clauses
# are used to configure actions that take place when deleting rows from
# the parent table (ON DELETE), or modifying the parent key values of
# existing rows (ON UPDATE).
#
# Test that a single FK constraint may have different actions configured
# for ON DELETE and ON UPDATE.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-48124-63225 A single foreign key constraint may have
# different actions configured for ON DELETE and ON UPDATE.
#
do_test e_fkey-39.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE p(a, b PRIMARY KEY, c);
    CREATE TABLE c1(d, e, f DEFAULT 'k0' REFERENCES p 
      ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT
      ON DELETE SET NULL
    );

    INSERT INTO p VALUES(0, 'k0', '');
    INSERT INTO p VALUES(1, 'k1', 'I');
    INSERT INTO p VALUES(2, 'k2', 'II');
    INSERT INTO p VALUES(3, 'k3', 'III');

    INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(1, 'xx', 'k1');
    INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(2, 'xx', 'k2');
    INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(3, 'xx', 'k3');
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-39.2 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE p SET b = 'k4' WHERE a = 1;
    SELECT * FROM c1;
  }
} {1 xx k0 2 xx k2 3 xx k3}
do_test e_fkey-39.3 {
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM p WHERE a = 2;
    SELECT * FROM c1;
  }
} {1 xx k0 2 xx {} 3 xx k3}
do_test e_fkey-39.4 {
  execsql {
    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX pi ON p(c);
    REPLACE INTO p VALUES(5, 'k5', 'III');
    SELECT * FROM c1;
  }
} {1 xx k0 2 xx {} 3 xx {}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Each foreign key in the system has an ON UPDATE and ON DELETE action,
# either "NO ACTION", "RESTRICT", "SET NULL", "SET DEFAULT" or "CASCADE".
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-33326-45252 The ON DELETE and ON UPDATE action
# associated with each foreign key in an SQLite database is one of "NO
# ACTION", "RESTRICT", "SET NULL", "SET DEFAULT" or "CASCADE".
#
# If none is specified explicitly, "NO ACTION" is the default.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-19803-45884 If an action is not explicitly specified,
# it defaults to "NO ACTION".
# 
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-40.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(x PRIMARY KEY, y);
    CREATE TABLE child1(a, 
      b REFERENCES parent ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE RESTRICT
    );
    CREATE TABLE child2(a, 
      b REFERENCES parent ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE SET NULL
    );
    CREATE TABLE child3(a, 
      b REFERENCES parent ON UPDATE SET NULL ON DELETE SET DEFAULT
    );
    CREATE TABLE child4(a, 
      b REFERENCES parent ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT ON DELETE CASCADE
    );

    -- Create some foreign keys that use the default action - "NO ACTION"
    CREATE TABLE child5(a, b REFERENCES parent ON UPDATE CASCADE);
    CREATE TABLE child6(a, b REFERENCES parent ON DELETE RESTRICT);
    CREATE TABLE child7(a, b REFERENCES parent ON DELETE NO ACTION);
    CREATE TABLE child8(a, b REFERENCES parent ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
  }
} {}

foreach {tn zTab lRes} {
  2 child1 {0 0 parent b {} {NO ACTION} RESTRICT NONE}
  3 child2 {0 0 parent b {} RESTRICT {SET NULL} NONE}
  4 child3 {0 0 parent b {} {SET NULL} {SET DEFAULT} NONE}
  5 child4 {0 0 parent b {} {SET DEFAULT} CASCADE NONE}
  6 child5 {0 0 parent b {} CASCADE {NO ACTION} NONE}
  7 child6 {0 0 parent b {} {NO ACTION} RESTRICT NONE}
  8 child7 {0 0 parent b {} {NO ACTION} {NO ACTION} NONE}
  9 child8 {0 0 parent b {} {NO ACTION} {NO ACTION} NONE}
} {
  do_test e_fkey-40.$tn { execsql "PRAGMA foreign_key_list($zTab)" } $lRes
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that "NO ACTION" means that nothing happens to a child row when
# it's parent row is updated or deleted.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-19971-54976 Configuring "NO ACTION" means just that:
# when a parent key is modified or deleted from the database, no special
# action is taken.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-41.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(p1, p2, PRIMARY KEY(p1, p2));
    CREATE TABLE child(c1, c2, 
      FOREIGN KEY(c1, c2) REFERENCES parent
      ON UPDATE NO ACTION
      ON DELETE NO ACTION
      DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    );
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('j', 'k');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('l', 'm');
    INSERT INTO child VALUES('j', 'k');
    INSERT INTO child VALUES('l', 'm');
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-41.2 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      UPDATE parent SET p1='k' WHERE p1='j';
      DELETE FROM parent WHERE p1='l';
      SELECT * FROM child;
  }
} {j k l m}
do_test e_fkey-41.3 {
  catchsql COMMIT
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-41.4 {
  execsql ROLLBACK
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that "RESTRICT" means the application is prohibited from deleting
# or updating a parent table row when there exists one or more child keys
# mapped to it.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-04272-38653 The "RESTRICT" action means that the
# application is prohibited from deleting (for ON DELETE RESTRICT) or
# modifying (for ON UPDATE RESTRICT) a parent key when there exists one
# or more child keys mapped to it.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-41.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(p1, p2);
    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX parent_i ON parent(p1, p2);
    CREATE TABLE child1(c1, c2, 
      FOREIGN KEY(c2, c1) REFERENCES parent(p1, p2) ON DELETE RESTRICT
    );
    CREATE TABLE child2(c1, c2, 
      FOREIGN KEY(c2, c1) REFERENCES parent(p1, p2) ON UPDATE RESTRICT
    );
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-41.2 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('a', 'b');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('c', 'd');
    INSERT INTO child1 VALUES('b', 'a');
    INSERT INTO child2 VALUES('d', 'c');
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-41.3 {
  catchsql { DELETE FROM parent WHERE p1 = 'a' }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-41.4 {
  catchsql { UPDATE parent SET p2 = 'e' WHERE p1 = 'c' }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that RESTRICT is slightly different from NO ACTION for IMMEDIATE
# constraints, in that it is enforced immediately, not at the end of the 
# statement.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-37997-42187 The difference between the effect of a
# RESTRICT action and normal foreign key constraint enforcement is that
# the RESTRICT action processing happens as soon as the field is updated
# - not at the end of the current statement as it would with an
# immediate constraint, or at the end of the current transaction as it
# would with a deferred constraint.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-42.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(x PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE child1(c REFERENCES parent ON UPDATE RESTRICT);
    CREATE TABLE child2(c REFERENCES parent ON UPDATE NO ACTION);

    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('key1');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('key2');
    INSERT INTO child1 VALUES('key1');
    INSERT INTO child2 VALUES('key2');

    CREATE TRIGGER parent_t AFTER UPDATE ON parent BEGIN
      UPDATE child1 set c = new.x WHERE c = old.x;
      UPDATE child2 set c = new.x WHERE c = old.x;
    END;
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-42.2 {
  catchsql { UPDATE parent SET x = 'key one' WHERE x = 'key1' }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-42.3 {
  execsql { 
    UPDATE parent SET x = 'key two' WHERE x = 'key2';
    SELECT * FROM child2;
  }
} {{key two}}

drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-42.4 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(x PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE child1(c REFERENCES parent ON DELETE RESTRICT);
    CREATE TABLE child2(c REFERENCES parent ON DELETE NO ACTION);

    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('key1');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('key2');
    INSERT INTO child1 VALUES('key1');
    INSERT INTO child2 VALUES('key2');

    CREATE TRIGGER parent_t AFTER DELETE ON parent BEGIN
      UPDATE child1 SET c = NULL WHERE c = old.x;
      UPDATE child2 SET c = NULL WHERE c = old.x;
    END;
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-42.5 {
  catchsql { DELETE FROM parent WHERE x = 'key1' }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-42.6 {
  execsql { 
    DELETE FROM parent WHERE x = 'key2';
    SELECT * FROM child2;
  }
} {{}}

drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-42.7 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(x PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE child1(c REFERENCES parent ON DELETE RESTRICT);
    CREATE TABLE child2(c REFERENCES parent ON DELETE NO ACTION);

    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('key1');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('key2');
    INSERT INTO child1 VALUES('key1');
    INSERT INTO child2 VALUES('key2');
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-42.8 {
  catchsql { REPLACE INTO parent VALUES('key1') }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-42.9 {
  execsql { 
    REPLACE INTO parent VALUES('key2');
    SELECT * FROM child2;
  }
} {key2}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that RESTRICT is enforced immediately, even for a DEFERRED constraint.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-24179-60523 Even if the foreign key constraint it is
# attached to is deferred, configuring a RESTRICT action causes SQLite
# to return an error immediately if a parent key with dependent child
# keys is deleted or modified.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-43.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(x PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE child1(c REFERENCES parent ON UPDATE RESTRICT
      DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    );
    CREATE TABLE child2(c REFERENCES parent ON UPDATE NO ACTION
      DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    );

    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('key1');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('key2');
    INSERT INTO child1 VALUES('key1');
    INSERT INTO child2 VALUES('key2');
    BEGIN;
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-43.2 {
  catchsql { UPDATE parent SET x = 'key one' WHERE x = 'key1' }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-43.3 {
  execsql { UPDATE parent SET x = 'key two' WHERE x = 'key2' }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-43.4 {
  catchsql COMMIT
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-43.5 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE child2 SET c = 'key two';
    COMMIT;
  }
} {}

drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-43.6 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(x PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE child1(c REFERENCES parent ON DELETE RESTRICT
      DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    );
    CREATE TABLE child2(c REFERENCES parent ON DELETE NO ACTION
      DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    );

    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('key1');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('key2');
    INSERT INTO child1 VALUES('key1');
    INSERT INTO child2 VALUES('key2');
    BEGIN;
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-43.7 {
  catchsql { DELETE FROM parent WHERE x = 'key1' }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-43.8 {
  execsql { DELETE FROM parent WHERE x = 'key2' }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-43.9 {
  catchsql COMMIT
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-43.10 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE child2 SET c = NULL;
    COMMIT;
  }
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test SET NULL actions.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-03353-05327 If the configured action is "SET NULL",
# then when a parent key is deleted (for ON DELETE SET NULL) or modified
# (for ON UPDATE SET NULL), the child key columns of all rows in the
# child table that mapped to the parent key are set to contain SQL NULL
# values.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-44.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE pA(x PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE cA(c REFERENCES pA ON DELETE SET NULL);
    CREATE TABLE cB(c REFERENCES pA ON UPDATE SET NULL);

    INSERT INTO pA VALUES(X'ABCD');
    INSERT INTO pA VALUES(X'1234');
    INSERT INTO cA VALUES(X'ABCD');
    INSERT INTO cB VALUES(X'1234');
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-44.2 {
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM pA WHERE rowid = 1;
    SELECT quote(x) FROM pA;
  }
} {X'1234'}
do_test e_fkey-44.3 {
  execsql {
    SELECT quote(c) FROM cA;
  }
} {NULL}
do_test e_fkey-44.4 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE pA SET x = X'8765' WHERE rowid = 2;
    SELECT quote(x) FROM pA;
  }
} {X'8765'}
do_test e_fkey-44.5 {
  execsql { SELECT quote(c) FROM cB }
} {NULL}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test SET DEFAULT actions.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-43054-54832 The "SET DEFAULT" actions are similar to
# "SET NULL", except that each of the child key columns is set to
# contain the columns default value instead of NULL.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-45.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE pA(x PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE cA(c DEFAULT X'0000' REFERENCES pA ON DELETE SET DEFAULT);
    CREATE TABLE cB(c DEFAULT X'9999' REFERENCES pA ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT);

    INSERT INTO pA(rowid, x) VALUES(1, X'0000');
    INSERT INTO pA(rowid, x) VALUES(2, X'9999');
    INSERT INTO pA(rowid, x) VALUES(3, X'ABCD');
    INSERT INTO pA(rowid, x) VALUES(4, X'1234');

    INSERT INTO cA VALUES(X'ABCD');
    INSERT INTO cB VALUES(X'1234');
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-45.2 {
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM pA WHERE rowid = 3;
    SELECT quote(x) FROM pA ORDER BY rowid;
  }
} {X'0000' X'9999' X'1234'}
do_test e_fkey-45.3 {
  execsql { SELECT quote(c) FROM cA }
} {X'0000'}
do_test e_fkey-45.4 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE pA SET x = X'8765' WHERE rowid = 4;
    SELECT quote(x) FROM pA ORDER BY rowid;
  }
} {X'0000' X'9999' X'8765'}
do_test e_fkey-45.5 {
  execsql { SELECT quote(c) FROM cB }
} {X'9999'}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test ON DELETE CASCADE actions.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-61376-57267 A "CASCADE" action propagates the delete or
# update operation on the parent key to each dependent child key.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-61809-62207 For an "ON DELETE CASCADE" action, this
# means that each row in the child table that was associated with the
# deleted parent row is also deleted.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-46.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE p1(a, b UNIQUE);
    CREATE TABLE c1(c REFERENCES p1(b) ON DELETE CASCADE, d);
    INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(NULL, NULL);
    INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(4, 4);
    INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(5, 5);
    INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(NULL, NULL);
    INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(4, 4);
    INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(5, 5);
    SELECT count(*) FROM c1;
  }
} {3}
do_test e_fkey-46.2 {
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM p1 WHERE a = 4;
    SELECT d, c FROM c1;
  }
} {{} {} 5 5}
do_test e_fkey-46.3 {
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM p1;
    SELECT d, c FROM c1;
  }
} {{} {}}
do_test e_fkey-46.4 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM p1 }
} {}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test ON UPDATE CASCADE actions.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-13877-64542 For an "ON UPDATE CASCADE" action, it means
# that the values stored in each dependent child key are modified to
# match the new parent key values.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-61376-57267 A "CASCADE" action propagates the delete or
# update operation on the parent key to each dependent child key.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-47.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE p1(a, b UNIQUE);
    CREATE TABLE c1(c REFERENCES p1(b) ON UPDATE CASCADE, d);
    INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(NULL, NULL);
    INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(4, 4);
    INSERT INTO p1 VALUES(5, 5);
    INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(NULL, NULL);
    INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(4, 4);
    INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(5, 5);
    SELECT count(*) FROM c1;
  }
} {3}
do_test e_fkey-47.2 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE p1 SET b = 10 WHERE b = 5;
    SELECT d, c FROM c1;
  }
} {{} {} 4 4 5 10}
do_test e_fkey-47.3 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE p1 SET b = 11 WHERE b = 4;
    SELECT d, c FROM c1;
  }
} {{} {} 4 11 5 10}
do_test e_fkey-47.4 {
  execsql { 
    UPDATE p1 SET b = 6 WHERE b IS NULL;
    SELECT d, c FROM c1;
  }
} {{} {} 4 11 5 10}
do_test e_fkey-46.5 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM p1 }
} {{} 6 4 11 5 10}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-65058-57158
#
# Test an example from the "ON DELETE and ON UPDATE Actions" section 
# of foreignkeys.html.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-48.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE artist(
      artistid    INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
      artistname  TEXT
    );
    CREATE TABLE track(
      trackid     INTEGER,
      trackname   TEXT, 
      trackartist INTEGER REFERENCES artist(artistid) ON UPDATE CASCADE
    );

    INSERT INTO artist VALUES(1, 'Dean Martin');
    INSERT INTO artist VALUES(2, 'Frank Sinatra');
    INSERT INTO track VALUES(11, 'That''s Amore', 1);
    INSERT INTO track VALUES(12, 'Christmas Blues', 1);
    INSERT INTO track VALUES(13, 'My Way', 2);
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-48.2 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE artist SET artistid = 100 WHERE artistname = 'Dean Martin';
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-48.3 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM artist }
} {2 {Frank Sinatra} 100 {Dean Martin}}
do_test e_fkey-48.4 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM track }
} {11 {That's Amore} 100 12 {Christmas Blues} 100 13 {My Way} 2}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Verify that adding an FK action does not absolve the user of the 
# requirement not to violate the foreign key constraint.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-53968-51642 Configuring an ON UPDATE or ON DELETE
# action does not mean that the foreign key constraint does not need to
# be satisfied.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-49.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(a COLLATE nocase, b, c, PRIMARY KEY(c, a));
    CREATE TABLE child(d DEFAULT 'a', e, f DEFAULT 'c',
      FOREIGN KEY(f, d) REFERENCES parent ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT
    );

    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('A', 'b', 'c');
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('ONE', 'two', 'three');
    INSERT INTO child VALUES('one', 'two', 'three');
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-49.2 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      UPDATE parent SET a = '' WHERE a = 'oNe';
      SELECT * FROM child;
  }
} {a two c}
do_test e_fkey-49.3 {
  execsql {
    ROLLBACK;
    DELETE FROM parent WHERE a = 'A';
    SELECT * FROM parent;
  }
} {ONE two three}
do_test e_fkey-49.4 {
  catchsql { UPDATE parent SET a = '' WHERE a = 'oNe' }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-11856-19836
#
# Test an example from the "ON DELETE and ON UPDATE Actions" section 
# of foreignkeys.html. This example shows that adding an "ON DELETE DEFAULT"
# clause does not abrogate the need to satisfy the foreign key constraint
# (R-28220-46694).
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-28220-46694 For example, if an "ON DELETE SET DEFAULT"
# action is configured, but there is no row in the parent table that
# corresponds to the default values of the child key columns, deleting a
# parent key while dependent child keys exist still causes a foreign key
# violation.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-50.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE artist(
      artistid    INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 
      artistname  TEXT
    );
    CREATE TABLE track(
      trackid     INTEGER,
      trackname   TEXT, 
      trackartist INTEGER DEFAULT 0 REFERENCES artist(artistid) ON DELETE SET DEFAULT
    );
    INSERT INTO artist VALUES(3, 'Sammy Davis Jr.');
    INSERT INTO track VALUES(14, 'Mr. Bojangles', 3);
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-50.2 {
  catchsql { DELETE FROM artist WHERE artistname = 'Sammy Davis Jr.' }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-50.3 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO artist VALUES(0, 'Unknown Artist');
    DELETE FROM artist WHERE artistname = 'Sammy Davis Jr.';
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-50.4 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM artist }
} {0 {Unknown Artist}}
do_test e_fkey-50.5 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM track }
} {14 {Mr. Bojangles} 0}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-09564-22170
#
# Check that the order of steps in an UPDATE or DELETE on a parent 
# table is as follows:
#
#   1. Execute applicable BEFORE trigger programs,
#   2. Check local (non foreign key) constraints,
#   3. Update or delete the row in the parent table,
#   4. Perform any required foreign key actions,
#   5. Execute applicable AFTER trigger programs. 
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-51.1 {
  proc maxparent {args} { db one {SELECT max(x) FROM parent} }
  db func maxparent maxparent

  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(x PRIMARY KEY);

    CREATE TRIGGER bu BEFORE UPDATE ON parent BEGIN
      INSERT INTO parent VALUES(new.x-old.x);
    END;
    CREATE TABLE child(
      a DEFAULT (maxparent()) REFERENCES parent ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT
    );
    CREATE TRIGGER au AFTER UPDATE ON parent BEGIN
      INSERT INTO parent VALUES(new.x+old.x);
    END;

    INSERT INTO parent VALUES(1);
    INSERT INTO child VALUES(1);
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-51.2 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE parent SET x = 22;
    SELECT * FROM parent ORDER BY rowid; SELECT 'xxx' ; SELECT a FROM child;
  }
} {22 21 23 xxx 22}
do_test e_fkey-51.3 {
  execsql {
    DELETE FROM child;
    DELETE FROM parent;
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES(-1);
    INSERT INTO child VALUES(-1);
    UPDATE parent SET x = 22;
    SELECT * FROM parent ORDER BY rowid; SELECT 'xxx' ; SELECT a FROM child;
  }
} {22 23 21 xxx 23}


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Verify that ON UPDATE actions only actually take place if the parent key
# is set to a new value that is distinct from the old value. The default
# collation sequence and affinity are used to determine if the new value
# is 'distinct' from the old or not.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-27383-10246 An ON UPDATE action is only taken if the
# values of the parent key are modified so that the new parent key
# values are not equal to the old.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-52.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE zeus(a INTEGER COLLATE NOCASE, b, PRIMARY KEY(a, b));
    CREATE TABLE apollo(c, d, 
      FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES zeus ON UPDATE CASCADE
    );
    INSERT INTO zeus VALUES('abc', 'xyz');
    INSERT INTO apollo VALUES('ABC', 'xyz');
  }
  execsql {
    UPDATE zeus SET a = 'aBc';
    SELECT * FROM apollo;
  }
} {ABC xyz}
do_test e_fkey-52.2 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE zeus SET a = 1, b = 1;
    SELECT * FROM apollo;
  }
} {1 1}
do_test e_fkey-52.3 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE zeus SET a = 1, b = 1;
    SELECT typeof(c), c, typeof(d), d FROM apollo;
  }
} {integer 1 integer 1}
do_test e_fkey-52.4 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE zeus SET a = '1';
    SELECT typeof(c), c, typeof(d), d FROM apollo;
  }
} {integer 1 integer 1}
do_test e_fkey-52.5 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE zeus SET b = '1';
    SELECT typeof(c), c, typeof(d), d FROM apollo;
  }
} {integer 1 text 1}
do_test e_fkey-52.6 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE zeus SET b = NULL;
    SELECT typeof(c), c, typeof(d), d FROM apollo;
  }
} {integer 1 null {}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-35129-58141
#
# Test an example from the "ON DELETE and ON UPDATE Actions" section 
# of foreignkeys.html. This example demonstrates that ON UPDATE actions
# only take place if at least one parent key column is set to a value 
# that is distinct from its previous value.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-53.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE parent(x PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE child(y REFERENCES parent ON UPDATE SET NULL);
    INSERT INTO parent VALUES('key');
    INSERT INTO child VALUES('key');
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-53.2 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE parent SET x = 'key';
    SELECT IFNULL(y, 'null') FROM child;
  }
} {key}
do_test e_fkey-53.3 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE parent SET x = 'key2';
    SELECT IFNULL(y, 'null') FROM child;
  }
} {null}

###########################################################################
### SECTION 5: CREATE, ALTER and DROP TABLE commands
###########################################################################

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that parent keys are not checked when tables are created.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-36018-21755 The parent key definitions of foreign key
# constraints are not checked when a table is created.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-25384-39337 There is nothing stopping the user from
# creating a foreign key definition that refers to a parent table that
# does not exist, or to parent key columns that do not exist or are not
# collectively bound by a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraint.
#
# Child keys are checked to ensure all component columns exist. If parent
# key columns are explicitly specified, SQLite checks to make sure there
# are the same number of columns in the child and parent keys. (TODO: This
# is tested but does not correspond to any testable statement.)
#
# Also test that the above statements are true regardless of whether or not
# foreign keys are enabled:  "A CREATE TABLE command operates the same whether
# or not foreign key constraints are enabled."
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-08908-23439 A CREATE TABLE command operates the same
# whether or not foreign key constraints are enabled.
# 
foreach {tn zCreateTbl lRes} {
  1 "CREATE TABLE t1(a, b REFERENCES t1)"                            {0 {}}
  2 "CREATE TABLE t1(a, b REFERENCES t2)"                            {0 {}}
  3 "CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a,b) REFERENCES t1)"          {0 {}}
  4 "CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a,b) REFERENCES t2)"          {0 {}}
  5 "CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a,b) REFERENCES t2)"          {0 {}}
  6 "CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a,b) REFERENCES t2(n,d))"     {0 {}}
  7 "CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(a,b) REFERENCES t1(a,b))"     {0 {}}

  A "CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(c,b) REFERENCES t2)"          
     {1 {unknown column "c" in foreign key definition}}
  B "CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, FOREIGN KEY(c,b) REFERENCES t2(d))"          
     {1 {number of columns in foreign key does not match the number of columns in the referenced table}}
} {
  do_test e_fkey-54.$tn.off {
    drop_all_tables
    execsql {PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF}
    catchsql $zCreateTbl
  } $lRes
  do_test e_fkey-54.$tn.on {
    drop_all_tables
    execsql {PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON}
    catchsql $zCreateTbl
  } $lRes
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-47952-62498 It is not possible to use the "ALTER TABLE
# ... ADD COLUMN" syntax to add a column that includes a REFERENCES
# clause, unless the default value of the new column is NULL. Attempting
# to do so returns an error.
#
proc test_efkey_6 {tn zAlter isError} {
  drop_all_tables 

  do_test e_fkey-56.$tn.1 "
    execsql { CREATE TABLE tbl(a, b) }
    [list catchsql $zAlter]
  " [lindex {{0 {}} {1 {Cannot add a REFERENCES column with non-NULL default value}}} $isError]

}

test_efkey_6 1 "ALTER TABLE tbl ADD COLUMN c REFERENCES xx" 0
test_efkey_6 2 "ALTER TABLE tbl ADD COLUMN c DEFAULT NULL REFERENCES xx" 0
test_efkey_6 3 "ALTER TABLE tbl ADD COLUMN c DEFAULT 0 REFERENCES xx" 1

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that ALTER TABLE adjusts REFERENCES clauses when the parent table
# is RENAMED.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-47080-02069 If an "ALTER TABLE ... RENAME TO" command
# is used to rename a table that is the parent table of one or more
# foreign key constraints, the definitions of the foreign key
# constraints are modified to refer to the parent table by its new name
#
# Test that these adjustments are visible in the sqlite_master table.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-63827-54774 The text of the child CREATE TABLE
# statement or statements stored in the sqlite_master table are modified
# to reflect the new parent table name.
#
do_test e_fkey-56.1 {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE 'p 1 "parent one"'(a REFERENCES 'p 1 "parent one"', b, PRIMARY KEY(b));

    CREATE TABLE c1(c, d REFERENCES 'p 1 "parent one"' ON UPDATE CASCADE);
    CREATE TABLE c2(e, f, FOREIGN KEY(f) REFERENCES 'p 1 "parent one"' ON UPDATE CASCADE);
    CREATE TABLE c3(e, 'f col 2', FOREIGN KEY('f col 2') REFERENCES 'p 1 "parent one"' ON UPDATE CASCADE);

    INSERT INTO 'p 1 "parent one"' VALUES(1, 1);
    INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(1, 1);
    INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(1, 1);
    INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(1, 1);

    -- CREATE TABLE q(a, b, PRIMARY KEY(b));
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-56.2 {
  execsql { ALTER TABLE 'p 1 "parent one"' RENAME TO p }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-56.3 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE p SET a = 'xxx', b = 'xxx';
    SELECT * FROM p;
    SELECT * FROM c1;
    SELECT * FROM c2;
    SELECT * FROM c3;
  }
} {xxx xxx 1 xxx 1 xxx 1 xxx}
do_test e_fkey-56.4 {
  execsql { SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table'}
} [list                                                                     \
  {CREATE TABLE "p"(a REFERENCES "p", b, PRIMARY KEY(b))}                   \
  {CREATE TABLE c1(c, d REFERENCES "p" ON UPDATE CASCADE)}                  \
  {CREATE TABLE c2(e, f, FOREIGN KEY(f) REFERENCES "p" ON UPDATE CASCADE)}  \
  {CREATE TABLE c3(e, 'f col 2', FOREIGN KEY('f col 2') REFERENCES "p" ON UPDATE CASCADE)} \
]

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check that a DROP TABLE does an implicit DELETE FROM. Which does not
# cause any triggers to fire, but does fire foreign key actions.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-14208-23986 If foreign key constraints are enabled when
# it is prepared, the DROP TABLE command performs an implicit DELETE to
# remove all rows from the table before dropping it.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-11078-03945 The implicit DELETE does not cause any SQL
# triggers to fire, but may invoke foreign key actions or constraint
# violations.
#
do_test e_fkey-57.1 {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE p(a, b, PRIMARY KEY(a, b));

    CREATE TABLE c1(c, d, FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES p ON DELETE SET NULL);
    CREATE TABLE c2(c, d, FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES p ON DELETE SET DEFAULT);
    CREATE TABLE c3(c, d, FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES p ON DELETE CASCADE);
    CREATE TABLE c4(c, d, FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES p ON DELETE RESTRICT);
    CREATE TABLE c5(c, d, FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES p ON DELETE NO ACTION);

    CREATE TABLE c6(c, d, 
      FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES p ON DELETE RESTRICT 
      DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    );
    CREATE TABLE c7(c, d, 
      FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES p ON DELETE NO ACTION
      DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    );

    CREATE TABLE log(msg);
    CREATE TRIGGER tt AFTER DELETE ON p BEGIN
      INSERT INTO log VALUES('delete ' || old.rowid);
    END;
  }
} {}

do_test e_fkey-57.2 {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO p VALUES('a', 'b');
    INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('a', 'b');
    INSERT INTO c2 VALUES('a', 'b');
    INSERT INTO c3 VALUES('a', 'b');
    BEGIN;
      DROP TABLE p;
      SELECT * FROM c1;
  }
} {{} {}}
do_test e_fkey-57.3 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM c2 }
} {{} {}}
do_test e_fkey-57.4 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM c3 }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-57.5 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM log }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-57.6 {
  execsql ROLLBACK
} {}
do_test e_fkey-57.7 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      DELETE FROM p;
      SELECT * FROM log;
    ROLLBACK;
  }
} {{delete 1}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# If an IMMEDIATE foreign key fails as a result of a DROP TABLE, the
# DROP TABLE command fails.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-32768-47925 If an immediate foreign key constraint is
# violated, the DROP TABLE statement fails and the table is not dropped.
#
do_test e_fkey-58.1 {
  execsql { 
    DELETE FROM c1;
    DELETE FROM c2;
    DELETE FROM c3;
  }
  execsql { INSERT INTO c5 VALUES('a', 'b') }
  catchsql { DROP TABLE p }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-58.2 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM p }
} {a b}
do_test e_fkey-58.3 {
  catchsql {
    BEGIN;
      DROP TABLE p;
  }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-58.4 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM p;
    SELECT * FROM c5;
    ROLLBACK;
  }
} {a b a b}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# If a DEFERRED foreign key fails as a result of a DROP TABLE, attempting
# to commit the transaction fails unless the violation is fixed.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-05903-08460 If a deferred foreign key constraint is
# violated, then an error is reported when the user attempts to commit
# the transaction if the foreign key constraint violations still exist
# at that point.
#
do_test e_fkey-59.1 {
  execsql { 
    DELETE FROM c1 ; DELETE FROM c2 ; DELETE FROM c3 ;
    DELETE FROM c4 ; DELETE FROM c5 ; DELETE FROM c6 ;
    DELETE FROM c7 
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-59.2 {
  execsql { INSERT INTO c7 VALUES('a', 'b') }
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      DROP TABLE p;
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-59.3 {
  catchsql COMMIT
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-59.4 {
  execsql { CREATE TABLE p(a, b, PRIMARY KEY(a, b)) }
  catchsql COMMIT
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-59.5 {
  execsql { INSERT INTO p VALUES('a', 'b') }
  execsql COMMIT
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Any "foreign key mismatch" errors encountered while running an implicit
# "DELETE FROM tbl" are ignored.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-57242-37005 Any "foreign key mismatch" errors
# encountered as part of an implicit DELETE are ignored.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-60.1 {
  execsql {
    PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;

    CREATE TABLE p(a PRIMARY KEY, b REFERENCES nosuchtable);
    CREATE TABLE c1(c, d, FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES a);
    CREATE TABLE c2(c REFERENCES p(b), d);
    CREATE TABLE c3(c REFERENCES p ON DELETE SET NULL, d);

    INSERT INTO p VALUES(1, 2);
    INSERT INTO c1 VALUES(1, 2);
    INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(1, 2);
    INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(1, 2);
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-60.2 {
  execsql { PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON }
  catchsql { DELETE FROM p }
} {1 {no such table: main.nosuchtable}}
do_test e_fkey-60.3 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
      DROP TABLE p;
      SELECT * FROM c3;
    ROLLBACK;
  }
} {{} 2}
do_test e_fkey-60.4 {
  execsql { CREATE TABLE nosuchtable(x PRIMARY KEY) }
  catchsql { DELETE FROM p }
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "c2" referencing "p"}}
do_test e_fkey-60.5 {
  execsql { DROP TABLE c1 }
  catchsql { DELETE FROM p }
} {1 {foreign key mismatch - "c2" referencing "p"}}
do_test e_fkey-60.6 {
  execsql { DROP TABLE c2 }
  execsql { DELETE FROM p }
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that the special behaviors of ALTER and DROP TABLE are only
# activated when foreign keys are enabled. Special behaviors are:
#
#   1. ADD COLUMN not allowing a REFERENCES clause with a non-NULL 
#      default value.
#   2. Modifying foreign key definitions when a parent table is RENAMEd.
#   3. Running an implicit DELETE FROM command as part of DROP TABLE.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-54142-41346 The properties of the DROP TABLE and ALTER
# TABLE commands described above only apply if foreign keys are enabled.
#
do_test e_fkey-61.1.1 {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql { CREATE TABLE t1(a, b) }
  catchsql { ALTER TABLE t1 ADD COLUMN c DEFAULT 'xxx' REFERENCES t2 }
} {1 {Cannot add a REFERENCES column with non-NULL default value}}
do_test e_fkey-61.1.2 {
  execsql { PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF }
  execsql { ALTER TABLE t1 ADD COLUMN c DEFAULT 'xxx' REFERENCES t2 }
  execsql { SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE name = 't1' }
} {{CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c DEFAULT 'xxx' REFERENCES t2)}}
do_test e_fkey-61.1.3 {
  execsql { PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON }
} {}

do_test e_fkey-61.2.1 {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE p(a UNIQUE);
    CREATE TABLE c(b REFERENCES p(a));
    BEGIN;
      ALTER TABLE p RENAME TO parent;
      SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE name = 'c';
    ROLLBACK;
  }
} {{CREATE TABLE c(b REFERENCES "parent"(a))}}
do_test e_fkey-61.2.2 {
  execsql {
    PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;
    ALTER TABLE p RENAME TO parent;
    SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE name = 'c';
  }
} {{CREATE TABLE c(b REFERENCES p(a))}}
do_test e_fkey-61.2.3 {
  execsql { PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON }
} {}

do_test e_fkey-61.3.1 {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE p(a UNIQUE);
    CREATE TABLE c(b REFERENCES p(a) ON DELETE SET NULL);
    INSERT INTO p VALUES('x');
    INSERT INTO c VALUES('x');
    BEGIN;
      DROP TABLE p;
      SELECT * FROM c;
    ROLLBACK;
  }
} {{}}
do_test e_fkey-61.3.2 {
  execsql {
    PRAGMA foreign_keys = OFF;
    DROP TABLE p;
    SELECT * FROM c;
  }
} {x}
do_test e_fkey-61.3.3 {
  execsql { PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON }
} {}

###########################################################################
### SECTION 6: Limits and Unsupported Features
###########################################################################

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that MATCH clauses are parsed, but SQLite treats every foreign key
# constraint as if it were "MATCH SIMPLE".
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-24728-13230 SQLite parses MATCH clauses (i.e. does not
# report a syntax error if you specify one), but does not enforce them.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-24450-46174 All foreign key constraints in SQLite are
# handled as if MATCH SIMPLE were specified.
#
foreach zMatch [list SIMPLE PARTIAL FULL Simple parTIAL FuLL ] {
  drop_all_tables
  do_test e_fkey-62.$zMatch.1 {
    execsql "
      CREATE TABLE p(a, b, c, PRIMARY KEY(b, c));
      CREATE TABLE c(d, e, f, FOREIGN KEY(e, f) REFERENCES p MATCH $zMatch);
    "
  } {}
  do_test e_fkey-62.$zMatch.2 {
    execsql { INSERT INTO p VALUES(1, 2, 3)         }

    # MATCH SIMPLE behavior: Allow any child key that contains one or more
    # NULL value to be inserted. Non-NULL values do not have to map to any
    # parent key values, so long as at least one field of the child key is
    # NULL.
    execsql { INSERT INTO c VALUES('w', 2, 3)       }
    execsql { INSERT INTO c VALUES('x', 'x', NULL)  }
    execsql { INSERT INTO c VALUES('y', NULL, 'x')  }
    execsql { INSERT INTO c VALUES('z', NULL, NULL) }

    # Check that the FK is enforced properly if there are no NULL values 
    # in the child key columns.
    catchsql { INSERT INTO c VALUES('a', 2, 4) }
  } {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that SQLite does not support the SET CONSTRAINT statement. And
# that it is possible to create both immediate and deferred constraints.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-21599-16038 In SQLite, a foreign key constraint is
# permanently marked as deferred or immediate when it is created.
#
drop_all_tables
do_test e_fkey-62.1 {
  catchsql { SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE }
} {1 {near "SET": syntax error}}
do_test e_fkey-62.2 {
  catchsql { SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED }
} {1 {near "SET": syntax error}}

do_test e_fkey-62.3 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE p(a, b, PRIMARY KEY(a, b));
    CREATE TABLE cd(c, d, 
      FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES p DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED);
    CREATE TABLE ci(c, d, 
      FOREIGN KEY(c, d) REFERENCES p DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE);
    BEGIN;
  }
} {}
do_test e_fkey-62.4 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO ci VALUES('x', 'y') }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-62.5 {
  catchsql { INSERT INTO cd VALUES('x', 'y') }
} {0 {}}
do_test e_fkey-62.6 {
  catchsql { COMMIT }
} {1 {FOREIGN KEY constraint failed}}
do_test e_fkey-62.7 {
  execsql { 
    DELETE FROM cd;
    COMMIT;
  }
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that the maximum recursion depth of foreign key action programs is
# governed by the SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH and SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH
# settings.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-42264-30503 The SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH and
# SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH settings determine the maximum allowable
# depth of trigger program recursion. For the purposes of these limits,
# foreign key actions are considered trigger programs.
#
proc test_on_delete_recursion {limit} {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql { 
    BEGIN;
    CREATE TABLE t0(a PRIMARY KEY, b);
    INSERT INTO t0 VALUES('x0', NULL);
  }
  for {set i 1} {$i <= $limit} {incr i} {
    execsql "
      CREATE TABLE t$i (
        a PRIMARY KEY, b REFERENCES t[expr $i-1] ON DELETE CASCADE
      );
      INSERT INTO t$i VALUES('x$i', 'x[expr $i-1]');
    "
  }
  execsql COMMIT
  catchsql "
    DELETE FROM t0;
    SELECT count(*) FROM t$limit;
  "
}
proc test_on_update_recursion {limit} {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql { 
    BEGIN;
    CREATE TABLE t0(a PRIMARY KEY);
    INSERT INTO t0 VALUES('xxx');
  }
  for {set i 1} {$i <= $limit} {incr i} {
    set j [expr $i-1]

    execsql "
      CREATE TABLE t$i (a PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES t$j ON UPDATE CASCADE);
      INSERT INTO t$i VALUES('xxx');
    "
  }
  execsql COMMIT
  catchsql "
    UPDATE t0 SET a = 'yyy';
    SELECT NOT (a='yyy') FROM t$limit;
  "
}

# If the current build was created using clang with the -fsanitize=address
# switch, then the library uses considerably more stack space than usual.
# So much more, that some of the following tests cause stack overflows
# if they are run under this configuration.
#
if {[clang_sanitize_address]==0} {
  do_test e_fkey-63.1.1 {
    test_on_delete_recursion $SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH
  } {0 0}
  do_test e_fkey-63.1.2 {
    test_on_delete_recursion [expr $SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH+1]
  } {1 {too many levels of trigger recursion}}
  do_test e_fkey-63.1.3 {
    sqlite3_limit db SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH 5
      test_on_delete_recursion 5
  } {0 0}
  do_test e_fkey-63.1.4 {
    test_on_delete_recursion 6
  } {1 {too many levels of trigger recursion}}
  do_test e_fkey-63.1.5 {
    sqlite3_limit db SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH 1000000
  } {5}
  do_test e_fkey-63.2.1 {
    test_on_update_recursion $SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH
  } {0 0}
  do_test e_fkey-63.2.2 {
    test_on_update_recursion [expr $SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH+1]
  } {1 {too many levels of trigger recursion}}
  do_test e_fkey-63.2.3 {
    sqlite3_limit db SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH 5
      test_on_update_recursion 5
  } {0 0}
  do_test e_fkey-63.2.4 {
    test_on_update_recursion 6
  } {1 {too many levels of trigger recursion}}
  do_test e_fkey-63.2.5 {
    sqlite3_limit db SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH 1000000
  } {5}
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The setting of the recursive_triggers pragma does not affect foreign
# key actions.
#
# EVIDENCE-OF: R-44355-00270 The PRAGMA recursive_triggers setting does
# not affect the operation of foreign key actions.
#
foreach recursive_triggers_setting [list 0 1 ON OFF] {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql "PRAGMA recursive_triggers = $recursive_triggers_setting"

  do_test e_fkey-64.$recursive_triggers_setting.1 {
    execsql {
      CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, b REFERENCES t1 ON DELETE CASCADE);
      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, NULL);
      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 1);
      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3, 2);
      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(4, 3);
      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(5, 4);
      SELECT count(*) FROM t1;
    }
  } {5}
  do_test e_fkey-64.$recursive_triggers_setting.2 {
    execsql { SELECT count(*) FROM t1 WHERE a = 1 }
  } {1}
  do_test e_fkey-64.$recursive_triggers_setting.3 {
    execsql { 
      DELETE FROM t1 WHERE a = 1;
      SELECT count(*) FROM t1;
    }
  } {0}
}

finish_test