// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include "net/quic/quic_framer.h"

#include <stdint.h>

#include "base/basictypes.h"
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "base/stl_util.h"
#include "net/quic/crypto/crypto_framer.h"
#include "net/quic/crypto/crypto_handshake_message.h"
#include "net/quic/crypto/crypto_protocol.h"
#include "net/quic/crypto/quic_decrypter.h"
#include "net/quic/crypto/quic_encrypter.h"
#include "net/quic/quic_data_reader.h"
#include "net/quic/quic_data_writer.h"
#include "net/quic/quic_flags.h"
#include "net/quic/quic_socket_address_coder.h"
#include "net/quic/quic_utils.h"

using base::StringPiece;
using std::map;
using std::max;
using std::min;
using std::numeric_limits;
using std::string;

namespace net {

namespace {

// Mask to select the lowest 48 bits of a sequence number.
const QuicPacketSequenceNumber k6ByteSequenceNumberMask =
    UINT64_C(0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFF);
const QuicPacketSequenceNumber k4ByteSequenceNumberMask =
    UINT64_C(0x00000000FFFFFFFF);
const QuicPacketSequenceNumber k2ByteSequenceNumberMask =
    UINT64_C(0x000000000000FFFF);
const QuicPacketSequenceNumber k1ByteSequenceNumberMask =
    UINT64_C(0x00000000000000FF);

const QuicConnectionId k1ByteConnectionIdMask = UINT64_C(0x00000000000000FF);
const QuicConnectionId k4ByteConnectionIdMask = UINT64_C(0x00000000FFFFFFFF);

// Number of bits the sequence number length bits are shifted from the right
// edge of the public header.
const uint8 kPublicHeaderSequenceNumberShift = 4;

// New Frame Types, QUIC v. >= 10:
// There are two interpretations for the Frame Type byte in the QUIC protocol,
// resulting in two Frame Types: Special Frame Types and Regular Frame Types.
//
// Regular Frame Types use the Frame Type byte simply. Currently defined
// Regular Frame Types are:
// Padding            : 0b 00000000 (0x00)
// ResetStream        : 0b 00000001 (0x01)
// ConnectionClose    : 0b 00000010 (0x02)
// GoAway             : 0b 00000011 (0x03)
// WindowUpdate       : 0b 00000100 (0x04)
// Blocked            : 0b 00000101 (0x05)
//
// Special Frame Types encode both a Frame Type and corresponding flags
// all in the Frame Type byte. Currently defined Special Frame Types are:
// Stream             : 0b 1xxxxxxx
// Ack                : 0b 01xxxxxx
//
// Semantics of the flag bits above (the x bits) depends on the frame type.

// Masks to determine if the frame type is a special use
// and for specific special frame types.
const uint8 kQuicFrameTypeSpecialMask = 0xE0;  // 0b 11100000
const uint8 kQuicFrameTypeStreamMask = 0x80;
const uint8 kQuicFrameTypeAckMask = 0x40;

// Stream frame relative shifts and masks for interpreting the stream flags.
// StreamID may be 1, 2, 3, or 4 bytes.
const uint8 kQuicStreamIdShift = 2;
const uint8 kQuicStreamIDLengthMask = 0x03;

// Offset may be 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 bytes.
const uint8 kQuicStreamOffsetShift = 3;
const uint8 kQuicStreamOffsetMask = 0x07;

// Data length may be 0 or 2 bytes.
const uint8 kQuicStreamDataLengthShift = 1;
const uint8 kQuicStreamDataLengthMask = 0x01;

// Fin bit may be set or not.
const uint8 kQuicStreamFinShift = 1;
const uint8 kQuicStreamFinMask = 0x01;

// Sequence number size shift used in AckFrames.
const uint8 kQuicSequenceNumberLengthShift = 2;

// Acks may be truncated.
const uint8 kQuicAckTruncatedShift = 1;
const uint8 kQuicAckTruncatedMask = 0x01;

// Acks may not have any nacks.
const uint8 kQuicHasNacksMask = 0x01;

// Returns the absolute value of the difference between |a| and |b|.
QuicPacketSequenceNumber Delta(QuicPacketSequenceNumber a,
                               QuicPacketSequenceNumber b) {
  // Since these are unsigned numbers, we can't just return abs(a - b)
  if (a < b) {
    return b - a;
  }
  return a - b;
}

QuicPacketSequenceNumber ClosestTo(QuicPacketSequenceNumber target,
                                   QuicPacketSequenceNumber a,
                                   QuicPacketSequenceNumber b) {
  return (Delta(target, a) < Delta(target, b)) ? a : b;
}

QuicSequenceNumberLength ReadSequenceNumberLength(uint8 flags) {
  switch (flags & PACKET_FLAGS_6BYTE_SEQUENCE) {
    case PACKET_FLAGS_6BYTE_SEQUENCE:
      return PACKET_6BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER;
    case PACKET_FLAGS_4BYTE_SEQUENCE:
      return PACKET_4BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER;
    case PACKET_FLAGS_2BYTE_SEQUENCE:
      return PACKET_2BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER;
    case PACKET_FLAGS_1BYTE_SEQUENCE:
      return PACKET_1BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER;
    default:
      LOG(DFATAL) << "Unreachable case statement.";
      return PACKET_6BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER;
  }
}

}  // namespace

bool QuicFramerVisitorInterface::OnWindowUpdateFrame(
    const QuicWindowUpdateFrame& frame) {
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramerVisitorInterface::OnBlockedFrame(const QuicBlockedFrame& frame) {
  return true;
}

QuicFramer::QuicFramer(const QuicVersionVector& supported_versions,
                       QuicTime creation_time,
                       Perspective perspective)
    : visitor_(nullptr),
      entropy_calculator_(nullptr),
      error_(QUIC_NO_ERROR),
      last_sequence_number_(0),
      last_serialized_connection_id_(0),
      supported_versions_(supported_versions),
      decrypter_level_(ENCRYPTION_NONE),
      alternative_decrypter_level_(ENCRYPTION_NONE),
      alternative_decrypter_latch_(false),
      perspective_(perspective),
      validate_flags_(true),
      creation_time_(creation_time),
      last_timestamp_(QuicTime::Delta::Zero()) {
  DCHECK(!supported_versions.empty());
  quic_version_ = supported_versions_[0];
  decrypter_.reset(QuicDecrypter::Create(kNULL));
  encrypter_[ENCRYPTION_NONE].reset(QuicEncrypter::Create(kNULL));
}

QuicFramer::~QuicFramer() {}

// static
size_t QuicFramer::GetMinStreamFrameSize(QuicStreamId stream_id,
                                         QuicStreamOffset offset,
                                         bool last_frame_in_packet,
                                         InFecGroup is_in_fec_group) {
  bool no_stream_frame_length = last_frame_in_packet &&
                                is_in_fec_group == NOT_IN_FEC_GROUP;
  return kQuicFrameTypeSize + GetStreamIdSize(stream_id) +
      GetStreamOffsetSize(offset) +
      (no_stream_frame_length ? 0 : kQuicStreamPayloadLengthSize);
}

// static
size_t QuicFramer::GetMinAckFrameSize(
    QuicSequenceNumberLength sequence_number_length,
    QuicSequenceNumberLength largest_observed_length) {
  return kQuicFrameTypeSize + kQuicEntropyHashSize +
      largest_observed_length + kQuicDeltaTimeLargestObservedSize;
}

// static
size_t QuicFramer::GetStopWaitingFrameSize(
    QuicSequenceNumberLength sequence_number_length) {
  return kQuicFrameTypeSize + kQuicEntropyHashSize +
      sequence_number_length;
}

// static
size_t QuicFramer::GetMinRstStreamFrameSize() {
  return kQuicFrameTypeSize + kQuicMaxStreamIdSize +
      kQuicMaxStreamOffsetSize + kQuicErrorCodeSize +
      kQuicErrorDetailsLengthSize;
}

// static
size_t QuicFramer::GetRstStreamFrameSize() {
  return kQuicFrameTypeSize + kQuicMaxStreamIdSize + kQuicMaxStreamOffsetSize +
         kQuicErrorCodeSize;
}

// static
size_t QuicFramer::GetMinConnectionCloseFrameSize() {
  return kQuicFrameTypeSize + kQuicErrorCodeSize + kQuicErrorDetailsLengthSize;
}

// static
size_t QuicFramer::GetMinGoAwayFrameSize() {
  return kQuicFrameTypeSize + kQuicErrorCodeSize + kQuicErrorDetailsLengthSize +
      kQuicMaxStreamIdSize;
}

// static
size_t QuicFramer::GetWindowUpdateFrameSize() {
  return kQuicFrameTypeSize + kQuicMaxStreamIdSize + kQuicMaxStreamOffsetSize;
}

// static
size_t QuicFramer::GetBlockedFrameSize() {
  return kQuicFrameTypeSize + kQuicMaxStreamIdSize;
}

// static
size_t QuicFramer::GetStreamIdSize(QuicStreamId stream_id) {
  // Sizes are 1 through 4 bytes.
  for (int i = 1; i <= 4; ++i) {
    stream_id >>= 8;
    if (stream_id == 0) {
      return i;
    }
  }
  LOG(DFATAL) << "Failed to determine StreamIDSize.";
  return 4;
}

// static
size_t QuicFramer::GetStreamOffsetSize(QuicStreamOffset offset) {
  // 0 is a special case.
  if (offset == 0) {
    return 0;
  }
  // 2 through 8 are the remaining sizes.
  offset >>= 8;
  for (int i = 2; i <= 8; ++i) {
    offset >>= 8;
    if (offset == 0) {
      return i;
    }
  }
  LOG(DFATAL) << "Failed to determine StreamOffsetSize.";
  return 8;
}

// static
size_t QuicFramer::GetVersionNegotiationPacketSize(size_t number_versions) {
  return kPublicFlagsSize + PACKET_8BYTE_CONNECTION_ID +
      number_versions * kQuicVersionSize;
}

bool QuicFramer::IsSupportedVersion(const QuicVersion version) const {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < supported_versions_.size(); ++i) {
    if (version == supported_versions_[i]) {
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

size_t QuicFramer::GetSerializedFrameLength(
    const QuicFrame& frame,
    size_t free_bytes,
    bool first_frame,
    bool last_frame,
    InFecGroup is_in_fec_group,
    QuicSequenceNumberLength sequence_number_length) {
  // Prevent a rare crash reported in b/19458523.
  if (frame.stream_frame == nullptr) {
    LOG(DFATAL) << "Cannot compute the length of a null frame. "
                << "type:" << frame.type << "free_bytes:" << free_bytes
                << " first_frame:" << first_frame
                << " last_frame:" << last_frame
                << " is_in_fec:" << is_in_fec_group
                << " seq num length:" << sequence_number_length;
    set_error(QUIC_INTERNAL_ERROR);
    visitor_->OnError(this);
    return false;
  }
  if (frame.type == PADDING_FRAME) {
    // PADDING implies end of packet.
    return free_bytes;
  }
  size_t frame_len =
      ComputeFrameLength(frame, last_frame, is_in_fec_group,
                         sequence_number_length);
  if (frame_len <= free_bytes) {
    // Frame fits within packet. Note that acks may be truncated.
    return frame_len;
  }
  // Only truncate the first frame in a packet, so if subsequent ones go
  // over, stop including more frames.
  if (!first_frame) {
    return 0;
  }
  bool can_truncate = frame.type == ACK_FRAME &&
      free_bytes >= GetMinAckFrameSize(PACKET_6BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER,
                                       PACKET_6BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER);
  if (can_truncate) {
    // Truncate the frame so the packet will not exceed kMaxPacketSize.
    // Note that we may not use every byte of the writer in this case.
    DVLOG(1) << "Truncating large frame, free bytes: " << free_bytes;
    return free_bytes;
  }
  if (!FLAGS_quic_allow_oversized_packets_for_test) {
    return 0;
  }
  LOG(DFATAL) << "Packet size too small to fit frame.";
  return frame_len;
}

QuicFramer::AckFrameInfo::AckFrameInfo() : max_delta(0) {}

QuicFramer::AckFrameInfo::~AckFrameInfo() {}

// static
QuicPacketEntropyHash QuicFramer::GetPacketEntropyHash(
    const QuicPacketHeader& header) {
  return header.entropy_flag << (header.packet_sequence_number % 8);
}

QuicPacket* QuicFramer::BuildDataPacket(const QuicPacketHeader& header,
                                        const QuicFrames& frames,
                                        char* buffer,
                                        size_t packet_length) {
  QuicDataWriter writer(packet_length, buffer);
  if (!AppendPacketHeader(header, &writer)) {
    LOG(DFATAL) << "AppendPacketHeader failed";
    return nullptr;
  }

  size_t i = 0;
  for (const QuicFrame& frame : frames) {
    // Determine if we should write stream frame length in header.
    const bool no_stream_frame_length =
        (header.is_in_fec_group == NOT_IN_FEC_GROUP) &&
        (i == frames.size() - 1);
    if (!AppendTypeByte(frame, no_stream_frame_length, &writer)) {
      LOG(DFATAL) << "AppendTypeByte failed";
      return nullptr;
    }

    switch (frame.type) {
      case PADDING_FRAME:
        writer.WritePadding();
        break;
      case STREAM_FRAME:
        if (!AppendStreamFrame(
            *frame.stream_frame, no_stream_frame_length, &writer)) {
          LOG(DFATAL) << "AppendStreamFrame failed";
          return nullptr;
        }
        break;
      case ACK_FRAME:
        if (!AppendAckFrameAndTypeByte(
                header, *frame.ack_frame, &writer)) {
          LOG(DFATAL) << "AppendAckFrameAndTypeByte failed";
          return nullptr;
        }
        break;
      case STOP_WAITING_FRAME:
        if (!AppendStopWaitingFrame(
                header, *frame.stop_waiting_frame, &writer)) {
          LOG(DFATAL) << "AppendStopWaitingFrame failed";
          return nullptr;
        }
        break;
      case PING_FRAME:
        // Ping has no payload.
        break;
      case RST_STREAM_FRAME:
        if (!AppendRstStreamFrame(*frame.rst_stream_frame, &writer)) {
          LOG(DFATAL) << "AppendRstStreamFrame failed";
          return nullptr;
        }
        break;
      case CONNECTION_CLOSE_FRAME:
        if (!AppendConnectionCloseFrame(
                *frame.connection_close_frame, &writer)) {
          LOG(DFATAL) << "AppendConnectionCloseFrame failed";
          return nullptr;
        }
        break;
      case GOAWAY_FRAME:
        if (!AppendGoAwayFrame(*frame.goaway_frame, &writer)) {
          LOG(DFATAL) << "AppendGoAwayFrame failed";
          return nullptr;
        }
        break;
      case WINDOW_UPDATE_FRAME:
        if (!AppendWindowUpdateFrame(*frame.window_update_frame, &writer)) {
          LOG(DFATAL) << "AppendWindowUpdateFrame failed";
          return nullptr;
        }
        break;
      case BLOCKED_FRAME:
        if (!AppendBlockedFrame(*frame.blocked_frame, &writer)) {
          LOG(DFATAL) << "AppendBlockedFrame failed";
          return nullptr;
        }
        break;
      default:
        RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_FRAME_DATA);
        LOG(DFATAL) << "QUIC_INVALID_FRAME_DATA";
        return nullptr;
    }
    ++i;
  }

  QuicPacket* packet =
      new QuicPacket(writer.data(), writer.length(), false,
                     header.public_header.connection_id_length,
                     header.public_header.version_flag,
                     header.public_header.sequence_number_length);

  return packet;
}

QuicPacket* QuicFramer::BuildFecPacket(const QuicPacketHeader& header,
                                       const QuicFecData& fec) {
  DCHECK_EQ(IN_FEC_GROUP, header.is_in_fec_group);
  DCHECK_NE(0u, header.fec_group);
  size_t len = GetPacketHeaderSize(header);
  len += fec.redundancy.length();

  scoped_ptr<char[]> buffer(new char[len]);
  QuicDataWriter writer(len, buffer.get());
  if (!AppendPacketHeader(header, &writer)) {
    LOG(DFATAL) << "AppendPacketHeader failed";
    return nullptr;
  }

  if (!writer.WriteBytes(fec.redundancy.data(), fec.redundancy.length())) {
    LOG(DFATAL) << "Failed to add FEC";
    return nullptr;
  }

  return new QuicPacket(buffer.release(), len, true,
                        header.public_header.connection_id_length,
                        header.public_header.version_flag,
                        header.public_header.sequence_number_length);
}

// static
QuicEncryptedPacket* QuicFramer::BuildPublicResetPacket(
    const QuicPublicResetPacket& packet) {
  DCHECK(packet.public_header.reset_flag);

  CryptoHandshakeMessage reset;
  reset.set_tag(kPRST);
  reset.SetValue(kRNON, packet.nonce_proof);
  reset.SetValue(kRSEQ, packet.rejected_sequence_number);
  if (!packet.client_address.address().empty()) {
    // packet.client_address is non-empty.
    QuicSocketAddressCoder address_coder(packet.client_address);
    string serialized_address = address_coder.Encode();
    if (serialized_address.empty()) {
      return nullptr;
    }
    reset.SetStringPiece(kCADR, serialized_address);
  }
  const QuicData& reset_serialized = reset.GetSerialized();

  size_t len =
      kPublicFlagsSize + PACKET_8BYTE_CONNECTION_ID + reset_serialized.length();
  scoped_ptr<char[]> buffer(new char[len]);
  QuicDataWriter writer(len, buffer.get());

  uint8 flags = static_cast<uint8>(PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_RST |
                                   PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_8BYTE_CONNECTION_ID);
  if (!writer.WriteUInt8(flags)) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  if (!writer.WriteUInt64(packet.public_header.connection_id)) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  if (!writer.WriteBytes(reset_serialized.data(), reset_serialized.length())) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  return new QuicEncryptedPacket(buffer.release(), len, true);
}

QuicEncryptedPacket* QuicFramer::BuildVersionNegotiationPacket(
    const QuicPacketPublicHeader& header,
    const QuicVersionVector& supported_versions) {
  DCHECK(header.version_flag);
  size_t len = GetVersionNegotiationPacketSize(supported_versions.size());
  scoped_ptr<char[]> buffer(new char[len]);
  QuicDataWriter writer(len, buffer.get());

  uint8 flags = static_cast<uint8>(PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_VERSION |
                                   PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_8BYTE_CONNECTION_ID);
  if (!writer.WriteUInt8(flags)) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  if (!writer.WriteUInt64(header.connection_id)) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < supported_versions.size(); ++i) {
    if (!writer.WriteUInt32(QuicVersionToQuicTag(supported_versions[i]))) {
      return nullptr;
    }
  }

  return new QuicEncryptedPacket(buffer.release(), len, true);
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessPacket(const QuicEncryptedPacket& packet) {
  DCHECK(!reader_.get());
  reader_.reset(new QuicDataReader(packet.data(), packet.length()));

  visitor_->OnPacket();

  // First parse the public header.
  QuicPacketPublicHeader public_header;
  if (!ProcessPublicHeader(&public_header)) {
    DLOG(WARNING) << "Unable to process public header.";
    DCHECK_NE("", detailed_error_);
    return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_PACKET_HEADER);
  }

  if (!visitor_->OnUnauthenticatedPublicHeader(public_header)) {
    // The visitor suppresses further processing of the packet.
    reader_.reset(nullptr);
    return true;
  }

  if (perspective_ == Perspective::IS_SERVER && public_header.version_flag &&
      public_header.versions[0] != quic_version_) {
    if (!visitor_->OnProtocolVersionMismatch(public_header.versions[0])) {
      reader_.reset(nullptr);
      return true;
    }
  }

  bool rv;
  if (perspective_ == Perspective::IS_CLIENT && public_header.version_flag) {
    rv = ProcessVersionNegotiationPacket(&public_header);
  } else if (public_header.reset_flag) {
    rv = ProcessPublicResetPacket(public_header);
  } else if (packet.length() <= kMaxPacketSize) {
    char buffer[kMaxPacketSize];
    rv = ProcessDataPacket(public_header, packet, buffer, kMaxPacketSize);
  } else {
    scoped_ptr<char[]> large_buffer(new char[packet.length()]);
    rv = ProcessDataPacket(public_header, packet, large_buffer.get(),
                           packet.length());
    LOG_IF(DFATAL, rv) << "QUIC should never successfully process packets "
                       << "larger than kMaxPacketSize. packet size:"
                       << packet.length();
  }

  reader_.reset(nullptr);
  return rv;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessVersionNegotiationPacket(
    QuicPacketPublicHeader* public_header) {
  DCHECK_EQ(Perspective::IS_CLIENT, perspective_);
  // Try reading at least once to raise error if the packet is invalid.
  do {
    QuicTag version;
    if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&version, kQuicVersionSize)) {
      set_detailed_error("Unable to read supported version in negotiation.");
      return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_VERSION_NEGOTIATION_PACKET);
    }
    public_header->versions.push_back(QuicTagToQuicVersion(version));
  } while (!reader_->IsDoneReading());

  visitor_->OnVersionNegotiationPacket(*public_header);
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessDataPacket(const QuicPacketPublicHeader& public_header,
                                   const QuicEncryptedPacket& packet,
                                   char* decrypted_buffer,
                                   size_t buffer_length) {
  QuicPacketHeader header(public_header);
  if (!ProcessPacketHeader(&header, packet, decrypted_buffer, buffer_length)) {
    DLOG(WARNING) << "Unable to process packet header.  Stopping parsing.";
    return false;
  }

  if (!visitor_->OnPacketHeader(header)) {
    // The visitor suppresses further processing of the packet.
    return true;
  }

  if (packet.length() > kMaxPacketSize) {
    DLOG(WARNING) << "Packet too large: " << packet.length();
    return RaiseError(QUIC_PACKET_TOO_LARGE);
  }

  // Handle the payload.
  if (!header.fec_flag) {
    if (header.is_in_fec_group == IN_FEC_GROUP) {
      StringPiece payload = reader_->PeekRemainingPayload();
      visitor_->OnFecProtectedPayload(payload);
    }
    if (!ProcessFrameData(header)) {
      DCHECK_NE(QUIC_NO_ERROR, error_);  // ProcessFrameData sets the error.
      DLOG(WARNING) << "Unable to process frame data.";
      return false;
    }
  } else {
    QuicFecData fec_data;
    fec_data.fec_group = header.fec_group;
    fec_data.redundancy = reader_->ReadRemainingPayload();
    visitor_->OnFecData(fec_data);
  }

  visitor_->OnPacketComplete();
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessPublicResetPacket(
    const QuicPacketPublicHeader& public_header) {
  QuicPublicResetPacket packet(public_header);

  scoped_ptr<CryptoHandshakeMessage> reset(
      CryptoFramer::ParseMessage(reader_->ReadRemainingPayload()));
  if (!reset.get()) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read reset message.");
    return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_PUBLIC_RST_PACKET);
  }
  if (reset->tag() != kPRST) {
    set_detailed_error("Incorrect message tag.");
    return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_PUBLIC_RST_PACKET);
  }

  if (reset->GetUint64(kRNON, &packet.nonce_proof) != QUIC_NO_ERROR) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read nonce proof.");
    return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_PUBLIC_RST_PACKET);
  }
  // TODO(satyamshekhar): validate nonce to protect against DoS.

  if (reset->GetUint64(kRSEQ, &packet.rejected_sequence_number) !=
      QUIC_NO_ERROR) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read rejected sequence number.");
    return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_PUBLIC_RST_PACKET);
  }

  StringPiece address;
  if (reset->GetStringPiece(kCADR, &address)) {
    QuicSocketAddressCoder address_coder;
    if (address_coder.Decode(address.data(), address.length())) {
      packet.client_address = IPEndPoint(address_coder.ip(),
                                         address_coder.port());
    }
  }

  visitor_->OnPublicResetPacket(packet);
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessRevivedPacket(QuicPacketHeader* header,
                                      StringPiece payload) {
  DCHECK(!reader_.get());

  visitor_->OnRevivedPacket();

  header->entropy_hash = GetPacketEntropyHash(*header);

  if (!visitor_->OnPacketHeader(*header)) {
    return true;
  }

  if (payload.length() > kMaxPacketSize) {
    set_detailed_error("Revived packet too large.");
    return RaiseError(QUIC_PACKET_TOO_LARGE);
  }

  reader_.reset(new QuicDataReader(payload.data(), payload.length()));
  if (!ProcessFrameData(*header)) {
    DCHECK_NE(QUIC_NO_ERROR, error_);  // ProcessFrameData sets the error.
    DLOG(WARNING) << "Unable to process frame data.";
    return false;
  }

  visitor_->OnPacketComplete();
  reader_.reset(nullptr);
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::AppendPacketHeader(const QuicPacketHeader& header,
                                    QuicDataWriter* writer) {
  DVLOG(1) << "Appending header: " << header;
  DCHECK(header.fec_group > 0 || header.is_in_fec_group == NOT_IN_FEC_GROUP);
  uint8 public_flags = 0;
  if (header.public_header.reset_flag) {
    public_flags |= PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_RST;
  }
  if (header.public_header.version_flag) {
    public_flags |= PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_VERSION;
  }

  public_flags |=
      GetSequenceNumberFlags(header.public_header.sequence_number_length)
          << kPublicHeaderSequenceNumberShift;

  switch (header.public_header.connection_id_length) {
    case PACKET_0BYTE_CONNECTION_ID:
      if (!writer->WriteUInt8(
              public_flags | PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_0BYTE_CONNECTION_ID)) {
        return false;
      }
      break;
    case PACKET_1BYTE_CONNECTION_ID:
      if (!writer->WriteUInt8(
              public_flags | PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_1BYTE_CONNECTION_ID)) {
         return false;
      }
      if (!writer->WriteUInt8(
              header.public_header.connection_id & k1ByteConnectionIdMask)) {
        return false;
      }
      break;
    case PACKET_4BYTE_CONNECTION_ID:
      if (!writer->WriteUInt8(
              public_flags | PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_4BYTE_CONNECTION_ID)) {
         return false;
      }
      if (!writer->WriteUInt32(
              header.public_header.connection_id & k4ByteConnectionIdMask)) {
        return false;
      }
      break;
    case PACKET_8BYTE_CONNECTION_ID:
      if (!writer->WriteUInt8(
              public_flags | PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_8BYTE_CONNECTION_ID)) {
        return false;
      }
      if (!writer->WriteUInt64(header.public_header.connection_id)) {
        return false;
      }
      break;
  }
  last_serialized_connection_id_ = header.public_header.connection_id;

  if (header.public_header.version_flag) {
    DCHECK_EQ(Perspective::IS_CLIENT, perspective_);
    QuicTag tag = QuicVersionToQuicTag(quic_version_);
    writer->WriteUInt32(tag);
    DVLOG(1) << "version = " << quic_version_ << ", tag = '"
             << QuicUtils::TagToString(tag) << "'";
  }

  if (!AppendPacketSequenceNumber(header.public_header.sequence_number_length,
                                  header.packet_sequence_number, writer)) {
    return false;
  }

  uint8 private_flags = 0;
  if (header.entropy_flag) {
    private_flags |= PACKET_PRIVATE_FLAGS_ENTROPY;
  }
  if (header.is_in_fec_group == IN_FEC_GROUP) {
    private_flags |= PACKET_PRIVATE_FLAGS_FEC_GROUP;
  }
  if (header.fec_flag) {
    private_flags |= PACKET_PRIVATE_FLAGS_FEC;
  }
  if (!writer->WriteUInt8(private_flags)) {
    return false;
  }

  // The FEC group number is the sequence number of the first fec
  // protected packet, or 0 if this packet is not protected.
  if (header.is_in_fec_group == IN_FEC_GROUP) {
    DCHECK_LE(header.fec_group, header.packet_sequence_number);
    DCHECK_LT(header.packet_sequence_number - header.fec_group, 255u);
    // Offset from the current packet sequence number to the first fec
    // protected packet.
    uint8 first_fec_protected_packet_offset =
        static_cast<uint8>(header.packet_sequence_number - header.fec_group);
    if (!writer->WriteBytes(&first_fec_protected_packet_offset, 1)) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
}

const QuicTime::Delta QuicFramer::CalculateTimestampFromWire(
    uint32 time_delta_us) {
  // The new time_delta might have wrapped to the next epoch, or it
  // might have reverse wrapped to the previous epoch, or it might
  // remain in the same epoch. Select the time closest to the previous
  // time.
  //
  // epoch_delta is the delta between epochs. A delta is 4 bytes of
  // microseconds.
  const uint64 epoch_delta = UINT64_C(1) << 32;
  uint64 epoch = last_timestamp_.ToMicroseconds() & ~(epoch_delta - 1);
  // Wrapping is safe here because a wrapped value will not be ClosestTo below.
  uint64 prev_epoch = epoch - epoch_delta;
  uint64 next_epoch = epoch + epoch_delta;

  uint64 time = ClosestTo(last_timestamp_.ToMicroseconds(),
                          epoch + time_delta_us,
                          ClosestTo(last_timestamp_.ToMicroseconds(),
                                    prev_epoch + time_delta_us,
                                    next_epoch + time_delta_us));

  return QuicTime::Delta::FromMicroseconds(time);
}

QuicPacketSequenceNumber QuicFramer::CalculatePacketSequenceNumberFromWire(
    QuicSequenceNumberLength sequence_number_length,
    QuicPacketSequenceNumber packet_sequence_number) const {
  // The new sequence number might have wrapped to the next epoch, or
  // it might have reverse wrapped to the previous epoch, or it might
  // remain in the same epoch.  Select the sequence number closest to the
  // next expected sequence number, the previous sequence number plus 1.

  // epoch_delta is the delta between epochs the sequence number was serialized
  // with, so the correct value is likely the same epoch as the last sequence
  // number or an adjacent epoch.
  const QuicPacketSequenceNumber epoch_delta = UINT64_C(1)
                                               << (8 * sequence_number_length);
  QuicPacketSequenceNumber next_sequence_number = last_sequence_number_ + 1;
  QuicPacketSequenceNumber epoch = last_sequence_number_ & ~(epoch_delta - 1);
  QuicPacketSequenceNumber prev_epoch = epoch - epoch_delta;
  QuicPacketSequenceNumber next_epoch = epoch + epoch_delta;

  return ClosestTo(next_sequence_number,
                   epoch + packet_sequence_number,
                   ClosestTo(next_sequence_number,
                             prev_epoch + packet_sequence_number,
                             next_epoch + packet_sequence_number));
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessPublicHeader(
    QuicPacketPublicHeader* public_header) {
  uint8 public_flags;
  if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&public_flags, 1)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read public flags.");
    return false;
  }

  public_header->reset_flag = (public_flags & PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_RST) != 0;
  public_header->version_flag =
      (public_flags & PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_VERSION) != 0;

  if (validate_flags_ &&
      !public_header->version_flag && public_flags > PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_MAX) {
    set_detailed_error("Illegal public flags value.");
    return false;
  }

  if (public_header->reset_flag && public_header->version_flag) {
    set_detailed_error("Got version flag in reset packet");
    return false;
  }

  switch (public_flags & PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_8BYTE_CONNECTION_ID) {
    case PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_8BYTE_CONNECTION_ID:
      if (!reader_->ReadUInt64(&public_header->connection_id)) {
        set_detailed_error("Unable to read ConnectionId.");
        return false;
      }
      public_header->connection_id_length = PACKET_8BYTE_CONNECTION_ID;
      break;
    case PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_4BYTE_CONNECTION_ID:
      // If the connection_id is truncated, expect to read the last serialized
      // connection_id.
      if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&public_header->connection_id,
                              PACKET_4BYTE_CONNECTION_ID)) {
        set_detailed_error("Unable to read ConnectionId.");
        return false;
      }
      if (last_serialized_connection_id_ &&
          (public_header->connection_id & k4ByteConnectionIdMask) !=
          (last_serialized_connection_id_ & k4ByteConnectionIdMask)) {
        set_detailed_error("Truncated 4 byte ConnectionId does not match "
                           "previous connection_id.");
        return false;
      }
      public_header->connection_id_length = PACKET_4BYTE_CONNECTION_ID;
      public_header->connection_id = last_serialized_connection_id_;
      break;
    case PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_1BYTE_CONNECTION_ID:
      if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&public_header->connection_id,
                              PACKET_1BYTE_CONNECTION_ID)) {
        set_detailed_error("Unable to read ConnectionId.");
        return false;
      }
      if (last_serialized_connection_id_ &&
          (public_header->connection_id & k1ByteConnectionIdMask) !=
          (last_serialized_connection_id_ & k1ByteConnectionIdMask)) {
        set_detailed_error("Truncated 1 byte ConnectionId does not match "
                           "previous connection_id.");
        return false;
      }
      public_header->connection_id_length = PACKET_1BYTE_CONNECTION_ID;
      public_header->connection_id = last_serialized_connection_id_;
      break;
    case PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_0BYTE_CONNECTION_ID:
      public_header->connection_id_length = PACKET_0BYTE_CONNECTION_ID;
      public_header->connection_id = last_serialized_connection_id_;
      break;
  }

  public_header->sequence_number_length =
      ReadSequenceNumberLength(
          public_flags >> kPublicHeaderSequenceNumberShift);

  // Read the version only if the packet is from the client.
  // version flag from the server means version negotiation packet.
  if (public_header->version_flag && perspective_ == Perspective::IS_SERVER) {
    QuicTag version_tag;
    if (!reader_->ReadUInt32(&version_tag)) {
      set_detailed_error("Unable to read protocol version.");
      return false;
    }

    // If the version from the new packet is the same as the version of this
    // framer, then the public flags should be set to something we understand.
    // If not, this raises an error.
    QuicVersion version = QuicTagToQuicVersion(version_tag);
    if (version == quic_version_ && public_flags > PACKET_PUBLIC_FLAGS_MAX) {
      set_detailed_error("Illegal public flags value.");
      return false;
    }
    public_header->versions.push_back(version);
  }
  return true;
}

// static
QuicSequenceNumberLength QuicFramer::GetMinSequenceNumberLength(
    QuicPacketSequenceNumber sequence_number) {
  if (sequence_number < 1 << (PACKET_1BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER * 8)) {
    return PACKET_1BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER;
  } else if (sequence_number < 1 << (PACKET_2BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER * 8)) {
    return PACKET_2BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER;
  } else if (sequence_number < UINT64_C(1)
                                   << (PACKET_4BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER * 8)) {
    return PACKET_4BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER;
  } else {
    return PACKET_6BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER;
  }
}

// static
uint8 QuicFramer::GetSequenceNumberFlags(
    QuicSequenceNumberLength sequence_number_length) {
  switch (sequence_number_length) {
    case PACKET_1BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER:
      return PACKET_FLAGS_1BYTE_SEQUENCE;
    case PACKET_2BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER:
      return PACKET_FLAGS_2BYTE_SEQUENCE;
    case PACKET_4BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER:
      return PACKET_FLAGS_4BYTE_SEQUENCE;
    case PACKET_6BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER:
      return PACKET_FLAGS_6BYTE_SEQUENCE;
    default:
      LOG(DFATAL) << "Unreachable case statement.";
      return PACKET_FLAGS_6BYTE_SEQUENCE;
  }
}

// static
QuicFramer::AckFrameInfo QuicFramer::GetAckFrameInfo(
    const QuicAckFrame& frame) {
  AckFrameInfo ack_info;
  if (frame.missing_packets.empty()) {
    return ack_info;
  }
  DCHECK_GE(frame.largest_observed, *frame.missing_packets.rbegin());
  size_t cur_range_length = 0;
  SequenceNumberSet::const_iterator iter = frame.missing_packets.begin();
  QuicPacketSequenceNumber last_missing = *iter;
  ++iter;
  for (; iter != frame.missing_packets.end(); ++iter) {
    if (cur_range_length < numeric_limits<uint8>::max() &&
        *iter == (last_missing + 1)) {
      ++cur_range_length;
    } else {
      ack_info.nack_ranges[last_missing - cur_range_length] =
          static_cast<uint8>(cur_range_length);
      cur_range_length = 0;
    }
    ack_info.max_delta = max(ack_info.max_delta, *iter - last_missing);
    last_missing = *iter;
  }
  // Include the last nack range.
  ack_info.nack_ranges[last_missing - cur_range_length] =
      static_cast<uint8>(cur_range_length);
  // Include the range to the largest observed.
  ack_info.max_delta =
      max(ack_info.max_delta, frame.largest_observed - last_missing);
  return ack_info;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessPacketHeader(QuicPacketHeader* header,
                                     const QuicEncryptedPacket& packet,
                                     char* decrypted_buffer,
                                     size_t buffer_length) {
  if (!ProcessPacketSequenceNumber(header->public_header.sequence_number_length,
                                   &header->packet_sequence_number)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read sequence number.");
    return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_PACKET_HEADER);
  }

  if (header->packet_sequence_number == 0u) {
    set_detailed_error("Packet sequence numbers cannot be 0.");
    return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_PACKET_HEADER);
  }

  if (!visitor_->OnUnauthenticatedHeader(*header)) {
    return false;
  }

  if (!DecryptPayload(*header, packet, decrypted_buffer, buffer_length)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to decrypt payload.");
    return RaiseError(QUIC_DECRYPTION_FAILURE);
  }

  uint8 private_flags;
  if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&private_flags, 1)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read private flags.");
    return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_PACKET_HEADER);
  }

  if (private_flags > PACKET_PRIVATE_FLAGS_MAX) {
    set_detailed_error("Illegal private flags value.");
    return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_PACKET_HEADER);
  }

  header->entropy_flag = (private_flags & PACKET_PRIVATE_FLAGS_ENTROPY) != 0;
  header->fec_flag = (private_flags & PACKET_PRIVATE_FLAGS_FEC) != 0;

  if ((private_flags & PACKET_PRIVATE_FLAGS_FEC_GROUP) != 0) {
    header->is_in_fec_group = IN_FEC_GROUP;
    uint8 first_fec_protected_packet_offset;
    if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&first_fec_protected_packet_offset, 1)) {
      set_detailed_error("Unable to read first fec protected packet offset.");
      return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_PACKET_HEADER);
    }
    if (first_fec_protected_packet_offset >= header->packet_sequence_number) {
      set_detailed_error("First fec protected packet offset must be less "
                         "than the sequence number.");
      return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_PACKET_HEADER);
    }
    header->fec_group =
        header->packet_sequence_number - first_fec_protected_packet_offset;
  }

  header->entropy_hash = GetPacketEntropyHash(*header);
  // Set the last sequence number after we have decrypted the packet
  // so we are confident is not attacker controlled.
  last_sequence_number_ = header->packet_sequence_number;
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessPacketSequenceNumber(
    QuicSequenceNumberLength sequence_number_length,
    QuicPacketSequenceNumber* sequence_number) {
  QuicPacketSequenceNumber wire_sequence_number = 0u;
  if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&wire_sequence_number, sequence_number_length)) {
    return false;
  }

  // TODO(ianswett): Explore the usefulness of trying multiple sequence numbers
  // in case the first guess is incorrect.
  *sequence_number =
      CalculatePacketSequenceNumberFromWire(sequence_number_length,
                                            wire_sequence_number);
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessFrameData(const QuicPacketHeader& header) {
  if (reader_->IsDoneReading()) {
    set_detailed_error("Packet has no frames.");
    return RaiseError(QUIC_MISSING_PAYLOAD);
  }
  while (!reader_->IsDoneReading()) {
    uint8 frame_type;
    if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&frame_type, 1)) {
      set_detailed_error("Unable to read frame type.");
      return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_FRAME_DATA);
    }

    if (frame_type & kQuicFrameTypeSpecialMask) {
      // Stream Frame
      if (frame_type & kQuicFrameTypeStreamMask) {
        QuicStreamFrame frame;
        if (!ProcessStreamFrame(frame_type, &frame)) {
          return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_STREAM_DATA);
        }
        if (!visitor_->OnStreamFrame(frame)) {
          DVLOG(1) << "Visitor asked to stop further processing.";
          // Returning true since there was no parsing error.
          return true;
        }
        continue;
      }

      // Ack Frame
      if (frame_type & kQuicFrameTypeAckMask) {
        QuicAckFrame frame;
        if (!ProcessAckFrame(frame_type, &frame)) {
          return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_ACK_DATA);
        }
        if (!visitor_->OnAckFrame(frame)) {
          DVLOG(1) << "Visitor asked to stop further processing.";
          // Returning true since there was no parsing error.
          return true;
        }
        continue;
      }

      // This was a special frame type that did not match any
      // of the known ones. Error.
      set_detailed_error("Illegal frame type.");
      DLOG(WARNING) << "Illegal frame type: "
                    << static_cast<int>(frame_type);
      return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_FRAME_DATA);
    }

    switch (frame_type) {
      case PADDING_FRAME:
        // We're done with the packet.
        return true;

      case RST_STREAM_FRAME: {
        QuicRstStreamFrame frame;
        if (!ProcessRstStreamFrame(&frame)) {
          return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_RST_STREAM_DATA);
        }
        if (!visitor_->OnRstStreamFrame(frame)) {
          DVLOG(1) << "Visitor asked to stop further processing.";
          // Returning true since there was no parsing error.
          return true;
        }
        continue;
      }

      case CONNECTION_CLOSE_FRAME: {
        QuicConnectionCloseFrame frame;
        if (!ProcessConnectionCloseFrame(&frame)) {
          return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_CONNECTION_CLOSE_DATA);
        }

        if (!visitor_->OnConnectionCloseFrame(frame)) {
          DVLOG(1) << "Visitor asked to stop further processing.";
          // Returning true since there was no parsing error.
          return true;
        }
        continue;
      }

      case GOAWAY_FRAME: {
        QuicGoAwayFrame goaway_frame;
        if (!ProcessGoAwayFrame(&goaway_frame)) {
          return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_GOAWAY_DATA);
        }
        if (!visitor_->OnGoAwayFrame(goaway_frame)) {
          DVLOG(1) << "Visitor asked to stop further processing.";
          // Returning true since there was no parsing error.
          return true;
        }
        continue;
      }

      case WINDOW_UPDATE_FRAME: {
        QuicWindowUpdateFrame window_update_frame;
        if (!ProcessWindowUpdateFrame(&window_update_frame)) {
          return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_WINDOW_UPDATE_DATA);
        }
        if (!visitor_->OnWindowUpdateFrame(window_update_frame)) {
          DVLOG(1) << "Visitor asked to stop further processing.";
          // Returning true since there was no parsing error.
          return true;
        }
        continue;
      }

      case BLOCKED_FRAME: {
        QuicBlockedFrame blocked_frame;
        if (!ProcessBlockedFrame(&blocked_frame)) {
          return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_BLOCKED_DATA);
        }
        if (!visitor_->OnBlockedFrame(blocked_frame)) {
          DVLOG(1) << "Visitor asked to stop further processing.";
          // Returning true since there was no parsing error.
          return true;
        }
        continue;
      }

      case STOP_WAITING_FRAME: {
        QuicStopWaitingFrame stop_waiting_frame;
        if (!ProcessStopWaitingFrame(header, &stop_waiting_frame)) {
          return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_STOP_WAITING_DATA);
        }
        if (!visitor_->OnStopWaitingFrame(stop_waiting_frame)) {
          DVLOG(1) << "Visitor asked to stop further processing.";
          // Returning true since there was no parsing error.
          return true;
        }
        continue;
      }
      case PING_FRAME: {
        // Ping has no payload.
        QuicPingFrame ping_frame;
        if (!visitor_->OnPingFrame(ping_frame)) {
          DVLOG(1) << "Visitor asked to stop further processing.";
          // Returning true since there was no parsing error.
          return true;
        }
        continue;
      }

      default:
        set_detailed_error("Illegal frame type.");
        DLOG(WARNING) << "Illegal frame type: "
                      << static_cast<int>(frame_type);
        return RaiseError(QUIC_INVALID_FRAME_DATA);
    }
  }

  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessStreamFrame(uint8 frame_type,
                                    QuicStreamFrame* frame) {
  uint8 stream_flags = frame_type;

  stream_flags &= ~kQuicFrameTypeStreamMask;

  // Read from right to left: StreamID, Offset, Data Length, Fin.
  const uint8 stream_id_length = (stream_flags & kQuicStreamIDLengthMask) + 1;
  stream_flags >>= kQuicStreamIdShift;

  uint8 offset_length = (stream_flags & kQuicStreamOffsetMask);
  // There is no encoding for 1 byte, only 0 and 2 through 8.
  if (offset_length > 0) {
    offset_length += 1;
  }
  stream_flags >>= kQuicStreamOffsetShift;

  bool has_data_length =
      (stream_flags & kQuicStreamDataLengthMask) == kQuicStreamDataLengthMask;
  stream_flags >>= kQuicStreamDataLengthShift;

  frame->fin = (stream_flags & kQuicStreamFinMask) == kQuicStreamFinShift;

  frame->stream_id = 0;
  if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&frame->stream_id, stream_id_length)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read stream_id.");
    return false;
  }

  frame->offset = 0;
  if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&frame->offset, offset_length)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read offset.");
    return false;
  }

  StringPiece frame_data;
  if (has_data_length) {
    if (!reader_->ReadStringPiece16(&frame_data)) {
      set_detailed_error("Unable to read frame data.");
      return false;
    }
  } else {
    if (!reader_->ReadStringPiece(&frame_data, reader_->BytesRemaining())) {
      set_detailed_error("Unable to read frame data.");
      return false;
    }
  }
  // Point frame to the right data.
  frame->data.Clear();
  if (!frame_data.empty()) {
    frame->data.Append(const_cast<char*>(frame_data.data()), frame_data.size());
  }

  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessAckFrame(uint8 frame_type, QuicAckFrame* ack_frame) {
  // Determine the three lengths from the frame type: largest observed length,
  // missing sequence number length, and missing range length.
  const QuicSequenceNumberLength missing_sequence_number_length =
      ReadSequenceNumberLength(frame_type);
  frame_type >>= kQuicSequenceNumberLengthShift;
  const QuicSequenceNumberLength largest_observed_sequence_number_length =
      ReadSequenceNumberLength(frame_type);
  frame_type >>= kQuicSequenceNumberLengthShift;
  ack_frame->is_truncated = frame_type & kQuicAckTruncatedMask;
  frame_type >>= kQuicAckTruncatedShift;
  bool has_nacks = frame_type & kQuicHasNacksMask;

  if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&ack_frame->entropy_hash, 1)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read entropy hash for received packets.");
    return false;
  }

  if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&ack_frame->largest_observed,
                          largest_observed_sequence_number_length)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read largest observed.");
    return false;
  }

  uint64 delta_time_largest_observed_us;
  if (!reader_->ReadUFloat16(&delta_time_largest_observed_us)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read delta time largest observed.");
    return false;
  }

  if (delta_time_largest_observed_us == kUFloat16MaxValue) {
    ack_frame->delta_time_largest_observed = QuicTime::Delta::Infinite();
  } else {
    ack_frame->delta_time_largest_observed =
        QuicTime::Delta::FromMicroseconds(delta_time_largest_observed_us);
  }

  if (!ProcessTimestampsInAckFrame(ack_frame)) {
    return false;
  }

  if (!has_nacks) {
    return true;
  }

  uint8 num_missing_ranges;
  if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&num_missing_ranges, 1)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read num missing packet ranges.");
    return false;
  }

  QuicPacketSequenceNumber last_sequence_number = ack_frame->largest_observed;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_missing_ranges; ++i) {
    QuicPacketSequenceNumber missing_delta = 0;
    if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&missing_delta, missing_sequence_number_length)) {
      set_detailed_error("Unable to read missing sequence number delta.");
      return false;
    }
    last_sequence_number -= missing_delta;
    QuicPacketSequenceNumber range_length = 0;
    if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&range_length, PACKET_1BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER)) {
      set_detailed_error("Unable to read missing sequence number range.");
      return false;
    }
    for (size_t j = 0; j <= range_length; ++j) {
      ack_frame->missing_packets.insert(last_sequence_number - j);
    }
    // Subtract an extra 1 to ensure ranges are represented efficiently and
    // can't overlap by 1 sequence number.  This allows a missing_delta of 0
    // to represent an adjacent nack range.
    last_sequence_number -= (range_length + 1);
  }

  // Parse the revived packets list.
  uint8 num_revived_packets;
  if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&num_revived_packets, 1)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read num revived packets.");
    return false;
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_revived_packets; ++i) {
    QuicPacketSequenceNumber revived_packet = 0;
    if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&revived_packet,
                            largest_observed_sequence_number_length)) {
      set_detailed_error("Unable to read revived packet.");
      return false;
    }

    ack_frame->revived_packets.insert(revived_packet);
  }

  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessTimestampsInAckFrame(QuicAckFrame* ack_frame) {
  if (ack_frame->is_truncated) {
    return true;
  }
  uint8 num_received_packets;
  if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&num_received_packets, 1)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read num received packets.");
    return false;
  }

  if (num_received_packets > 0) {
    uint8 delta_from_largest_observed;
    if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&delta_from_largest_observed,
                            PACKET_1BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER)) {
      set_detailed_error("Unable to read sequence delta in received packets.");
      return false;
    }
    QuicPacketSequenceNumber seq_num =
        ack_frame->largest_observed - delta_from_largest_observed;

    // Time delta from the framer creation.
    uint32 time_delta_us;
    if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&time_delta_us, sizeof(time_delta_us))) {
      set_detailed_error("Unable to read time delta in received packets.");
      return false;
    }

    last_timestamp_ = CalculateTimestampFromWire(time_delta_us);

    ack_frame->received_packet_times.push_back(
        std::make_pair(seq_num, creation_time_.Add(last_timestamp_)));

    for (uint8 i = 1; i < num_received_packets; ++i) {
      if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&delta_from_largest_observed,
                              PACKET_1BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER)) {
        set_detailed_error(
            "Unable to read sequence delta in received packets.");
        return false;
      }
      seq_num = ack_frame->largest_observed - delta_from_largest_observed;

      // Time delta from the previous timestamp.
      uint64 incremental_time_delta_us;
      if (!reader_->ReadUFloat16(&incremental_time_delta_us)) {
        set_detailed_error(
            "Unable to read incremental time delta in received packets.");
        return false;
      }

      last_timestamp_ = last_timestamp_.Add(
          QuicTime::Delta::FromMicroseconds(incremental_time_delta_us));
      ack_frame->received_packet_times.push_back(
          std::make_pair(seq_num, creation_time_.Add(last_timestamp_)));
    }
  }
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessStopWaitingFrame(const QuicPacketHeader& header,
                                         QuicStopWaitingFrame* stop_waiting) {
  if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&stop_waiting->entropy_hash, 1)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read entropy hash for sent packets.");
    return false;
  }

  QuicPacketSequenceNumber least_unacked_delta = 0;
  if (!reader_->ReadBytes(&least_unacked_delta,
                          header.public_header.sequence_number_length)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read least unacked delta.");
    return false;
  }
  DCHECK_GE(header.packet_sequence_number, least_unacked_delta);
  stop_waiting->least_unacked =
      header.packet_sequence_number - least_unacked_delta;

  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessRstStreamFrame(QuicRstStreamFrame* frame) {
  if (!reader_->ReadUInt32(&frame->stream_id)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read stream_id.");
    return false;
  }

  if (!reader_->ReadUInt64(&frame->byte_offset)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read rst stream sent byte offset.");
    return false;
  }

  uint32 error_code;
  if (!reader_->ReadUInt32(&error_code)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read rst stream error code.");
    return false;
  }

  if (error_code >= QUIC_STREAM_LAST_ERROR) {
    set_detailed_error("Invalid rst stream error code.");
    return false;
  }

  frame->error_code = static_cast<QuicRstStreamErrorCode>(error_code);
  if (quic_version_ <= QUIC_VERSION_24) {
    StringPiece error_details;
    if (!reader_->ReadStringPiece16(&error_details)) {
      set_detailed_error("Unable to read rst stream error details.");
      return false;
    }
    frame->error_details = error_details.as_string();
  }

  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessConnectionCloseFrame(QuicConnectionCloseFrame* frame) {
  uint32 error_code;
  if (!reader_->ReadUInt32(&error_code)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read connection close error code.");
    return false;
  }

  if (error_code >= QUIC_LAST_ERROR) {
    set_detailed_error("Invalid error code.");
    return false;
  }

  frame->error_code = static_cast<QuicErrorCode>(error_code);

  StringPiece error_details;
  if (!reader_->ReadStringPiece16(&error_details)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read connection close error details.");
    return false;
  }
  frame->error_details = error_details.as_string();

  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessGoAwayFrame(QuicGoAwayFrame* frame) {
  uint32 error_code;
  if (!reader_->ReadUInt32(&error_code)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read go away error code.");
    return false;
  }
  frame->error_code = static_cast<QuicErrorCode>(error_code);

  if (error_code >= QUIC_LAST_ERROR) {
    set_detailed_error("Invalid error code.");
    return false;
  }

  uint32 stream_id;
  if (!reader_->ReadUInt32(&stream_id)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read last good stream id.");
    return false;
  }
  frame->last_good_stream_id = static_cast<QuicStreamId>(stream_id);

  StringPiece reason_phrase;
  if (!reader_->ReadStringPiece16(&reason_phrase)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read goaway reason.");
    return false;
  }
  frame->reason_phrase = reason_phrase.as_string();

  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessWindowUpdateFrame(QuicWindowUpdateFrame* frame) {
  if (!reader_->ReadUInt32(&frame->stream_id)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read stream_id.");
    return false;
  }

  if (!reader_->ReadUInt64(&frame->byte_offset)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read window byte_offset.");
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::ProcessBlockedFrame(QuicBlockedFrame* frame) {
  if (!reader_->ReadUInt32(&frame->stream_id)) {
    set_detailed_error("Unable to read stream_id.");
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

// static
StringPiece QuicFramer::GetAssociatedDataFromEncryptedPacket(
    const QuicEncryptedPacket& encrypted,
    QuicConnectionIdLength connection_id_length,
    bool includes_version,
    QuicSequenceNumberLength sequence_number_length) {
  return StringPiece(
      encrypted.data() + kStartOfHashData, GetStartOfEncryptedData(
          connection_id_length, includes_version, sequence_number_length)
      - kStartOfHashData);
}

void QuicFramer::SetDecrypter(QuicDecrypter* decrypter,
                              EncryptionLevel level) {
  DCHECK(alternative_decrypter_.get() == nullptr);
  DCHECK_GE(level, decrypter_level_);
  decrypter_.reset(decrypter);
  decrypter_level_ = level;
}

void QuicFramer::SetAlternativeDecrypter(QuicDecrypter* decrypter,
                                         EncryptionLevel level,
                                         bool latch_once_used) {
  alternative_decrypter_.reset(decrypter);
  alternative_decrypter_level_ = level;
  alternative_decrypter_latch_ = latch_once_used;
}

const QuicDecrypter* QuicFramer::decrypter() const {
  return decrypter_.get();
}

const QuicDecrypter* QuicFramer::alternative_decrypter() const {
  return alternative_decrypter_.get();
}

void QuicFramer::SetEncrypter(EncryptionLevel level,
                              QuicEncrypter* encrypter) {
  DCHECK_GE(level, 0);
  DCHECK_LT(level, NUM_ENCRYPTION_LEVELS);
  encrypter_[level].reset(encrypter);
}

QuicEncryptedPacket* QuicFramer::EncryptPacket(
    EncryptionLevel level,
    QuicPacketSequenceNumber packet_sequence_number,
    const QuicPacket& packet,
    char* buffer,
    size_t buffer_len) {
  DCHECK(encrypter_[level].get() != nullptr);

  const size_t encrypted_len =
      encrypter_[level]->GetCiphertextSize(packet.Plaintext().length());
  StringPiece header_data = packet.BeforePlaintext();
  const size_t total_len = header_data.length() + encrypted_len;

  char* encryption_buffer = buffer;
  // Allocate a large enough buffer for the header and the encrypted data.
  const bool is_new_buffer = total_len > buffer_len;
  if (is_new_buffer) {
    if (!FLAGS_quic_allow_oversized_packets_for_test) {
      LOG(DFATAL) << "Buffer of length:" << buffer_len
                  << " is not large enough to encrypt length " << total_len;
      return nullptr;
    }
    encryption_buffer = new char[total_len];
  }
  // Copy in the header, because the encrypter only populates the encrypted
  // plaintext content.
  memcpy(encryption_buffer, header_data.data(), header_data.length());
  // Encrypt the plaintext into the buffer.
  size_t output_length = 0;
  if (!encrypter_[level]->EncryptPacket(
          packet_sequence_number, packet.AssociatedData(), packet.Plaintext(),
          encryption_buffer + header_data.length(), &output_length,
          encrypted_len)) {
    RaiseError(QUIC_ENCRYPTION_FAILURE);
    return nullptr;
  }

  return new QuicEncryptedPacket(
      encryption_buffer, header_data.length() + output_length, is_new_buffer);
}

size_t QuicFramer::GetMaxPlaintextSize(size_t ciphertext_size) {
  // In order to keep the code simple, we don't have the current encryption
  // level to hand. Both the NullEncrypter and AES-GCM have a tag length of 12.
  size_t min_plaintext_size = ciphertext_size;

  for (int i = ENCRYPTION_NONE; i < NUM_ENCRYPTION_LEVELS; i++) {
    if (encrypter_[i].get() != nullptr) {
      size_t size = encrypter_[i]->GetMaxPlaintextSize(ciphertext_size);
      if (size < min_plaintext_size) {
        min_plaintext_size = size;
      }
    }
  }

  return min_plaintext_size;
}

bool QuicFramer::DecryptPayload(const QuicPacketHeader& header,
                                const QuicEncryptedPacket& packet,
                                char* decrypted_buffer,
                                size_t buffer_length) {
  StringPiece encrypted = reader_->ReadRemainingPayload();
  DCHECK(decrypter_.get() != nullptr);
  const StringPiece& associated_data = GetAssociatedDataFromEncryptedPacket(
      packet, header.public_header.connection_id_length,
      header.public_header.version_flag,
      header.public_header.sequence_number_length);
  size_t decrypted_length = 0;
  bool success = decrypter_->DecryptPacket(
      header.packet_sequence_number, associated_data, encrypted,
      decrypted_buffer, &decrypted_length, buffer_length);
  if (success) {
    visitor_->OnDecryptedPacket(decrypter_level_);
  } else if (alternative_decrypter_.get() != nullptr) {
    success = alternative_decrypter_->DecryptPacket(
        header.packet_sequence_number, associated_data, encrypted,
        decrypted_buffer, &decrypted_length, buffer_length);
    if (success) {
      visitor_->OnDecryptedPacket(alternative_decrypter_level_);
      if (alternative_decrypter_latch_) {
        // Switch to the alternative decrypter and latch so that we cannot
        // switch back.
        decrypter_.reset(alternative_decrypter_.release());
        decrypter_level_ = alternative_decrypter_level_;
        alternative_decrypter_level_ = ENCRYPTION_NONE;
      } else {
        // Switch the alternative decrypter so that we use it first next time.
        decrypter_.swap(alternative_decrypter_);
        EncryptionLevel level = alternative_decrypter_level_;
        alternative_decrypter_level_ = decrypter_level_;
        decrypter_level_ = level;
      }
    }
  }

  if (!success) {
    DLOG(WARNING) << "DecryptPacket failed for sequence_number:"
                  << header.packet_sequence_number;
    return false;
  }

  reader_.reset(new QuicDataReader(decrypted_buffer, decrypted_length));
  return true;
}

size_t QuicFramer::GetAckFrameSize(
    const QuicAckFrame& ack,
    QuicSequenceNumberLength sequence_number_length) {
  AckFrameInfo ack_info = GetAckFrameInfo(ack);
  QuicSequenceNumberLength largest_observed_length =
      GetMinSequenceNumberLength(ack.largest_observed);
  QuicSequenceNumberLength missing_sequence_number_length =
      GetMinSequenceNumberLength(ack_info.max_delta);

  size_t ack_size = GetMinAckFrameSize(sequence_number_length,
                                       largest_observed_length);
  if (!ack_info.nack_ranges.empty()) {
    ack_size += kNumberOfNackRangesSize  + kNumberOfRevivedPacketsSize;
    ack_size += min(ack_info.nack_ranges.size(), kMaxNackRanges) *
      (missing_sequence_number_length + PACKET_1BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER);
    ack_size += min(ack.revived_packets.size(),
                    kMaxRevivedPackets) * largest_observed_length;
  }

  // In version 23, if the ack will be truncated due to too many nack ranges,
  // then do not include the number of timestamps (1 byte).
  if (ack_info.nack_ranges.size() <= kMaxNackRanges) {
    // 1 byte for the number of timestamps.
    ack_size += 1;
    if (ack.received_packet_times.size() > 0) {
      // 1 byte for sequence number, 4 bytes for timestamp for the first
      // packet.
      ack_size += 5;

      // 1 byte for sequence number, 2 bytes for timestamp for the other
      // packets.
      ack_size += 3 * (ack.received_packet_times.size() - 1);
    }
  }

  return ack_size;
}

size_t QuicFramer::ComputeFrameLength(
    const QuicFrame& frame,
    bool last_frame_in_packet,
    InFecGroup is_in_fec_group,
    QuicSequenceNumberLength sequence_number_length) {
  switch (frame.type) {
    case STREAM_FRAME:
      return GetMinStreamFrameSize(frame.stream_frame->stream_id,
                                   frame.stream_frame->offset,
                                   last_frame_in_packet,
                                   is_in_fec_group) +
          frame.stream_frame->data.TotalBufferSize();
    case ACK_FRAME: {
      return GetAckFrameSize(*frame.ack_frame, sequence_number_length);
    }
    case STOP_WAITING_FRAME:
      return GetStopWaitingFrameSize(sequence_number_length);
    case PING_FRAME:
      // Ping has no payload.
      return kQuicFrameTypeSize;
    case RST_STREAM_FRAME:
      if (quic_version_ <= QUIC_VERSION_24) {
        return GetMinRstStreamFrameSize() +
               frame.rst_stream_frame->error_details.size();
      }
      return GetRstStreamFrameSize();
    case CONNECTION_CLOSE_FRAME:
      return GetMinConnectionCloseFrameSize() +
          frame.connection_close_frame->error_details.size();
    case GOAWAY_FRAME:
      return GetMinGoAwayFrameSize() + frame.goaway_frame->reason_phrase.size();
    case WINDOW_UPDATE_FRAME:
      return GetWindowUpdateFrameSize();
    case BLOCKED_FRAME:
      return GetBlockedFrameSize();
    case PADDING_FRAME:
      DCHECK(false);
      return 0;
    case NUM_FRAME_TYPES:
      DCHECK(false);
      return 0;
  }

  // Not reachable, but some Chrome compilers can't figure that out.  *sigh*
  DCHECK(false);
  return 0;
}

bool QuicFramer::AppendTypeByte(const QuicFrame& frame,
                                bool no_stream_frame_length,
                                QuicDataWriter* writer) {
  uint8 type_byte = 0;
  switch (frame.type) {
    case STREAM_FRAME: {
      if (frame.stream_frame == nullptr) {
        LOG(DFATAL) << "Failed to append STREAM frame with no stream_frame.";
      }
      // Fin bit.
      type_byte |= frame.stream_frame->fin ? kQuicStreamFinMask : 0;

      // Data Length bit.
      type_byte <<= kQuicStreamDataLengthShift;
      type_byte |= no_stream_frame_length ? 0: kQuicStreamDataLengthMask;

      // Offset 3 bits.
      type_byte <<= kQuicStreamOffsetShift;
      const size_t offset_len = GetStreamOffsetSize(frame.stream_frame->offset);
      if (offset_len > 0) {
        type_byte |= offset_len - 1;
      }

      // stream id 2 bits.
      type_byte <<= kQuicStreamIdShift;
      type_byte |= GetStreamIdSize(frame.stream_frame->stream_id) - 1;
      type_byte |= kQuicFrameTypeStreamMask;  // Set Stream Frame Type to 1.
      break;
    }
    case ACK_FRAME:
      return true;
    default:
      type_byte = static_cast<uint8>(frame.type);
      break;
  }

  return writer->WriteUInt8(type_byte);
}

// static
bool QuicFramer::AppendPacketSequenceNumber(
    QuicSequenceNumberLength sequence_number_length,
    QuicPacketSequenceNumber packet_sequence_number,
    QuicDataWriter* writer) {
  // Ensure the entire sequence number can be written.
  if (writer->capacity() - writer->length() <
      static_cast<size_t>(sequence_number_length)) {
    return false;
  }
  switch (sequence_number_length) {
    case PACKET_1BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER:
      return writer->WriteUInt8(
          packet_sequence_number & k1ByteSequenceNumberMask);
      break;
    case PACKET_2BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER:
      return writer->WriteUInt16(
          packet_sequence_number & k2ByteSequenceNumberMask);
      break;
    case PACKET_4BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER:
      return writer->WriteUInt32(
          packet_sequence_number & k4ByteSequenceNumberMask);
      break;
    case PACKET_6BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER:
      return writer->WriteUInt48(
          packet_sequence_number & k6ByteSequenceNumberMask);
      break;
    default:
      DCHECK(false) << "sequence_number_length: " << sequence_number_length;
      return false;
  }
}

bool QuicFramer::AppendStreamFrame(
    const QuicStreamFrame& frame,
    bool no_stream_frame_length,
    QuicDataWriter* writer) {
  if (!writer->WriteBytes(&frame.stream_id, GetStreamIdSize(frame.stream_id))) {
    LOG(DFATAL) << "Writing stream id size failed.";
    return false;
  }
  if (!writer->WriteBytes(&frame.offset, GetStreamOffsetSize(frame.offset))) {
    LOG(DFATAL) << "Writing offset size failed.";
    return false;
  }
  if (!no_stream_frame_length) {
    if ((frame.data.TotalBufferSize() > numeric_limits<uint16>::max()) ||
        !writer->WriteUInt16(
            static_cast<uint16>(frame.data.TotalBufferSize()))) {
      LOG(DFATAL) << "Writing stream frame length failed";
      return false;
    }
  }

  if (!writer->WriteIOVector(frame.data)) {
    LOG(DFATAL) << "Writing frame data failed.";
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

void QuicFramer::set_version(const QuicVersion version) {
  DCHECK(IsSupportedVersion(version)) << QuicVersionToString(version);
  quic_version_ = version;
}

bool QuicFramer::AppendAckFrameAndTypeByte(
    const QuicPacketHeader& header,
    const QuicAckFrame& frame,
    QuicDataWriter* writer) {
  AckFrameInfo ack_info = GetAckFrameInfo(frame);
  QuicPacketSequenceNumber ack_largest_observed = frame.largest_observed;
  QuicSequenceNumberLength largest_observed_length =
      GetMinSequenceNumberLength(ack_largest_observed);
  QuicSequenceNumberLength missing_sequence_number_length =
      GetMinSequenceNumberLength(ack_info.max_delta);
  // Determine whether we need to truncate ranges.
  size_t available_range_bytes = writer->capacity() - writer->length() -
      kNumberOfRevivedPacketsSize - kNumberOfNackRangesSize -
      GetMinAckFrameSize(header.public_header.sequence_number_length,
                         largest_observed_length);
  size_t max_num_ranges = available_range_bytes /
      (missing_sequence_number_length + PACKET_1BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER);
  max_num_ranges = min(kMaxNackRanges, max_num_ranges);
  bool truncated = ack_info.nack_ranges.size() > max_num_ranges;
  DVLOG_IF(1, truncated) << "Truncating ack from "
                         << ack_info.nack_ranges.size() << " ranges to "
                         << max_num_ranges;
  // Write out the type byte by setting the low order bits and doing shifts
  // to make room for the next bit flags to be set.
  // Whether there are any nacks.
  uint8 type_byte = ack_info.nack_ranges.empty() ? 0 : kQuicHasNacksMask;

  // truncating bit.
  type_byte <<= kQuicAckTruncatedShift;
  type_byte |= truncated ? kQuicAckTruncatedMask : 0;

  // Largest observed sequence number length.
  type_byte <<= kQuicSequenceNumberLengthShift;
  type_byte |= GetSequenceNumberFlags(largest_observed_length);

  // Missing sequence number length.
  type_byte <<= kQuicSequenceNumberLengthShift;
  type_byte |= GetSequenceNumberFlags(missing_sequence_number_length);

  type_byte |= kQuicFrameTypeAckMask;

  if (!writer->WriteUInt8(type_byte)) {
    return false;
  }

  QuicPacketEntropyHash ack_entropy_hash = frame.entropy_hash;
  NackRangeMap::reverse_iterator ack_iter = ack_info.nack_ranges.rbegin();
  if (truncated) {
    // Skip the nack ranges which the truncated ack won't include and set
    // a correct largest observed for the truncated ack.
    for (size_t i = 1; i < (ack_info.nack_ranges.size() - max_num_ranges);
         ++i) {
      ++ack_iter;
    }
    // If the last range is followed by acks, include them.
    // If the last range is followed by another range, specify the end of the
    // range as the largest_observed.
    ack_largest_observed = ack_iter->first - 1;
    // Also update the entropy so it matches the largest observed.
    ack_entropy_hash = entropy_calculator_->EntropyHash(ack_largest_observed);
    ++ack_iter;
  }

  if (!writer->WriteUInt8(ack_entropy_hash)) {
    return false;
  }

  if (!AppendPacketSequenceNumber(largest_observed_length,
                                  ack_largest_observed, writer)) {
    return false;
  }

  uint64 delta_time_largest_observed_us = kUFloat16MaxValue;
  if (!frame.delta_time_largest_observed.IsInfinite()) {
    DCHECK_LE(0u, frame.delta_time_largest_observed.ToMicroseconds());
    delta_time_largest_observed_us =
        frame.delta_time_largest_observed.ToMicroseconds();
  }

  if (!writer->WriteUFloat16(delta_time_largest_observed_us)) {
    return false;
  }

  // Timestamp goes at the end of the required fields.
  if (!truncated) {
    if (!AppendTimestampToAckFrame(frame, writer)) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  if (ack_info.nack_ranges.empty()) {
    return true;
  }

  const uint8 num_missing_ranges =
      static_cast<uint8>(min(ack_info.nack_ranges.size(), max_num_ranges));
  if (!writer->WriteBytes(&num_missing_ranges, 1)) {
    return false;
  }

  int num_ranges_written = 0;
  QuicPacketSequenceNumber last_sequence_written = ack_largest_observed;
  for (; ack_iter != ack_info.nack_ranges.rend(); ++ack_iter) {
    // Calculate the delta to the last number in the range.
    QuicPacketSequenceNumber missing_delta =
        last_sequence_written - (ack_iter->first + ack_iter->second);
    if (!AppendPacketSequenceNumber(missing_sequence_number_length,
                                    missing_delta, writer)) {
      return false;
    }
    if (!AppendPacketSequenceNumber(PACKET_1BYTE_SEQUENCE_NUMBER,
                                    ack_iter->second, writer)) {
      return false;
    }
    // Subtract 1 so a missing_delta of 0 means an adjacent range.
    last_sequence_written = ack_iter->first - 1;
    ++num_ranges_written;
  }
  DCHECK_EQ(num_missing_ranges, num_ranges_written);

  // Append revived packets.
  // If not all the revived packets fit, only mention the ones that do.
  uint8 num_revived_packets =
      static_cast<uint8>(min(frame.revived_packets.size(), kMaxRevivedPackets));
  num_revived_packets = static_cast<uint8>(min(
      static_cast<size_t>(num_revived_packets),
      (writer->capacity() - writer->length()) / largest_observed_length));
  if (!writer->WriteBytes(&num_revived_packets, 1)) {
    return false;
  }

  SequenceNumberSet::const_iterator iter = frame.revived_packets.begin();
  for (int i = 0; i < num_revived_packets; ++i, ++iter) {
    LOG_IF(DFATAL, !ContainsKey(frame.missing_packets, *iter));
    if (!AppendPacketSequenceNumber(largest_observed_length,
                                    *iter, writer)) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::AppendTimestampToAckFrame(const QuicAckFrame& frame,
                                           QuicDataWriter* writer) {
  DCHECK_GE(numeric_limits<uint8>::max(), frame.received_packet_times.size());
  // num_received_packets is only 1 byte.
  if (frame.received_packet_times.size() > numeric_limits<uint8>::max()) {
    return false;
  }

  uint8 num_received_packets = frame.received_packet_times.size();

  if (!writer->WriteBytes(&num_received_packets, 1)) {
    return false;
  }
  if (num_received_packets == 0) {
    return true;
  }

  PacketTimeList::const_iterator it = frame.received_packet_times.begin();
  QuicPacketSequenceNumber sequence_number = it->first;
  QuicPacketSequenceNumber delta_from_largest_observed =
      frame.largest_observed - sequence_number;

  DCHECK_GE(numeric_limits<uint8>::max(), delta_from_largest_observed);
  if (delta_from_largest_observed > numeric_limits<uint8>::max()) {
    return false;
  }

  if (!writer->WriteUInt8(
    delta_from_largest_observed & k1ByteSequenceNumberMask)) {
    return false;
  }

  // Use the lowest 4 bytes of the time delta from the creation_time_.
  const uint64 time_epoch_delta_us = UINT64_C(1) << 32;
  uint32 time_delta_us =
      static_cast<uint32>(it->second.Subtract(creation_time_).ToMicroseconds()
                          & (time_epoch_delta_us - 1));
  if (!writer->WriteBytes(&time_delta_us, sizeof(time_delta_us))) {
    return false;
  }

  QuicTime prev_time = it->second;

  for (++it; it != frame.received_packet_times.end(); ++it) {
    sequence_number = it->first;
    delta_from_largest_observed = frame.largest_observed - sequence_number;

    if (delta_from_largest_observed > numeric_limits<uint8>::max()) {
      return false;
    }

    if (!writer->WriteUInt8(
            delta_from_largest_observed & k1ByteSequenceNumberMask)) {
      return false;
    }

    uint64 frame_time_delta_us =
        it->second.Subtract(prev_time).ToMicroseconds();
    prev_time = it->second;
    if (!writer->WriteUFloat16(frame_time_delta_us)) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::AppendStopWaitingFrame(
    const QuicPacketHeader& header,
    const QuicStopWaitingFrame& frame,
    QuicDataWriter* writer) {
  DCHECK_GE(header.packet_sequence_number, frame.least_unacked);
  const QuicPacketSequenceNumber least_unacked_delta =
      header.packet_sequence_number - frame.least_unacked;
  const QuicPacketSequenceNumber length_shift =
      header.public_header.sequence_number_length * 8;
  if (!writer->WriteUInt8(frame.entropy_hash)) {
    LOG(DFATAL) << " hash failed";
    return false;
  }

  if (least_unacked_delta >> length_shift > 0) {
    LOG(DFATAL) << "sequence_number_length "
                << header.public_header.sequence_number_length
                << " is too small for least_unacked_delta: "
                << least_unacked_delta;
    return false;
  }
  if (!AppendPacketSequenceNumber(header.public_header.sequence_number_length,
                                  least_unacked_delta, writer)) {
    LOG(DFATAL) << " seq failed: "
                << header.public_header.sequence_number_length;
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::AppendRstStreamFrame(const QuicRstStreamFrame& frame,
                                      QuicDataWriter* writer) {
  if (!writer->WriteUInt32(frame.stream_id)) {
    return false;
  }

  if (!writer->WriteUInt64(frame.byte_offset)) {
    return false;
  }

  uint32 error_code = static_cast<uint32>(frame.error_code);
  if (!writer->WriteUInt32(error_code)) {
    return false;
  }

  if (quic_version_ <= QUIC_VERSION_24) {
    if (!writer->WriteStringPiece16(frame.error_details)) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::AppendConnectionCloseFrame(
    const QuicConnectionCloseFrame& frame,
    QuicDataWriter* writer) {
  uint32 error_code = static_cast<uint32>(frame.error_code);
  if (!writer->WriteUInt32(error_code)) {
    return false;
  }
  if (!writer->WriteStringPiece16(frame.error_details)) {
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::AppendGoAwayFrame(const QuicGoAwayFrame& frame,
                                   QuicDataWriter* writer) {
  uint32 error_code = static_cast<uint32>(frame.error_code);
  if (!writer->WriteUInt32(error_code)) {
    return false;
  }
  uint32 stream_id = static_cast<uint32>(frame.last_good_stream_id);
  if (!writer->WriteUInt32(stream_id)) {
    return false;
  }
  if (!writer->WriteStringPiece16(frame.reason_phrase)) {
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::AppendWindowUpdateFrame(const QuicWindowUpdateFrame& frame,
                                         QuicDataWriter* writer) {
  uint32 stream_id = static_cast<uint32>(frame.stream_id);
  if (!writer->WriteUInt32(stream_id)) {
    return false;
  }
  if (!writer->WriteUInt64(frame.byte_offset)) {
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::AppendBlockedFrame(const QuicBlockedFrame& frame,
                                    QuicDataWriter* writer) {
  uint32 stream_id = static_cast<uint32>(frame.stream_id);
  if (!writer->WriteUInt32(stream_id)) {
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

bool QuicFramer::RaiseError(QuicErrorCode error) {
  DVLOG(1) << "Error: " << QuicUtils::ErrorToString(error)
           << " detail: " << detailed_error_;
  set_error(error);
  visitor_->OnError(this);
  reader_.reset(nullptr);
  return false;
}

}  // namespace net